Pope Kirillos

Tag: Spiritual Warfare

  • Matthew 17 – The Transfiguration and Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy

    The Transforming Power of Faith: Commentary on Matthew 17

    Executive Summary ✨

    Matthew 17 presents us with two pivotal events: the Transfiguration of Christ and the healing of a demon-possessed boy. The Transfiguration offers a glimpse of Christ’s divine glory, foreshadowing His resurrection and kingdom, and confirming the witness of the Law and the Prophets through Moses and Elijah. This celestial event strengthens the faith of Peter, James, and John, preparing them for the trials ahead. Simultaneously, the disciples’ inability to heal the boy highlights the crucial role of faith, prayer, and fasting in overcoming spiritual obstacles. The chapter underscores the power of unwavering faith, the glory of Christ’s divinity, and the importance of spiritual discipline in the life of a believer. We are reminded that true faith can move mountains and conquer the darkness, a lesson pertinent to our daily struggles even today. The **transforming power of faith**, demonstrated throughout this chapter, is a beacon of hope and a call to deeper devotion.

    Matthew 17 is a profound chapter that delves into the heart of faith, revelation, and spiritual warfare. It illustrates the glory of Christ unveiled and the weakness of faith untested. As Coptic Orthodox Christians, we approach this passage with reverence, seeking the wisdom of the Holy Fathers and the guidance of the Holy Spirit to illuminate its depths. Understanding the **transforming power of faith** in Matthew 17 will enrich our spiritual lives.

    Commentary on Matthew 17

    Matthew 17:1

    Καὶ μεθ’ ἡμέρας ἓξ παραλαμβάνει ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Πέτρον καὶ Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναφέρει αὐτοὺς εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλὸν κατ’ ἰδίαν

    And after six days Jesus took Peter, James, and John his brother, led them up on a high mountain by themselves.

    Christ, in His divine wisdom, chooses Peter, James, and John, three of His closest disciples, to witness the Transfiguration. The “six days” following Peter’s confession of Christ as the Messiah (Matthew 16:16) likely represent a period of anticipation and preparation. The high mountain, traditionally believed to be Mount Tabor, symbolizes a place of spiritual elevation and communion with God. This isolation is crucial; witnessing such profound divine revelation requires a setting apart from the distractions of the world.

    Practical Application: We too must seek moments of isolation and spiritual elevation, away from the noise and chaos of daily life, to encounter the divine presence and deepen our relationship with Christ. Consider a quiet prayer time using virtual servers for storing prayer materials and resources.

    Matthew 17:2

    καὶ μετεμορφώθη ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔλαμψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, τὰ δὲ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο λευκὰ ὡς τὸ φῶς.

    And He was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and His clothes became as white as the light.

    The Transfiguration is a pivotal event, a theophany revealing Christ’s divine glory hidden beneath His humanity. His face shone like the sun, a reflection of the uncreated light of the Godhead, and His garments became brilliantly white, symbolizing purity and holiness. This is not merely a change in appearance but a manifestation of His true nature, giving the disciples a foretaste of the glory of the resurrected Christ and the kingdom to come. The brilliance suggests the unapproachable light of God, a concept explored in Coptic hymnology.

    Patristic Insight: St. Ephrem the Syrian writes, “He revealed a little of His glory, so that when He was crucified, they would know that He was crucified by His own will, for the salvation of the world” (Commentary on the Diatessaron 16.5). This glory is a testament to His voluntary sacrifice.

    Practical Application: The Transfiguration reminds us that Christ’s glory is always present, though often veiled by the ordinariness of daily life. We are called to look beyond the surface and seek the divine within, cultivating a vision that pierces through the mundane to see the light of Christ.

    Matthew 17:3

    καὶ ἰδοὺ ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς Μωϋσῆς καὶ Ἠλίας μετ’ αὐτοῦ συλλαλοῦντες.

    And behold, Moses and Elijah appeared to them, talking with Him.

    The appearance of Moses and Elijah is highly significant. Moses, representing the Law, and Elijah, representing the Prophets, both testify to Christ’s identity and mission. They are not merely historical figures but witnesses to the fulfillment of God’s plan in Christ. Moses, who died without entering the Promised Land, and Elijah, who ascended into heaven in a fiery chariot, both find their ultimate fulfillment in Christ. This reinforces the continuity between the Old and New Testaments, demonstrating that Christ is the culmination of all that was promised.

    Connection to Deuterocanonicals: The Book of Wisdom (Wisdom 3:1-9) speaks of the righteous souls being tested and receiving glory, a concept echoed in the Transfiguration. Moses and Elijah, having endured trials, are now glorified.

    Practical Application: The presence of Moses and Elijah reminds us that Christ is the fulfillment of the Scriptures. We should diligently study the Old Testament to understand the prophecies and types that foreshadow His coming and mission.

    Matthew 17:4

    Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ· Κύριε, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι· εἰ θέλεις, ποιήσω ὧδε τρεῖς σκηνάς, σοὶ μίαν καὶ Μωϋσεῖ μίαν καὶ Ἠλίᾳ μίαν.

    Then Peter answered and said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here; if You wish, let us make here three tabernacles: one for You, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.”

    Peter’s response is impulsive and reveals his incomplete understanding of the event. He wants to prolong the moment of glory and create a permanent dwelling, a symbolic act of trying to contain the infinite within human constructs. His desire to build three tabernacles equalizes Christ with Moses and Elijah, failing to grasp Christ’s unique divinity. This moment illustrates the human tendency to cling to comfortable experiences and avoid the challenges of discipleship.

    Patristic Insight: St. Cyril of Alexandria comments, “Peter, being yet carnal-minded, desired to remain in the glory of the Lord, and not descend to the labors of the world” (Commentary on Matthew). Peter’s desire reflects our own temptation to avoid hardship.

    Practical Application: We should be wary of seeking only the mountaintop experiences of faith. True discipleship involves descending from the mountain and engaging in the struggles and challenges of daily life, empowered by the memory of Christ’s glory.

    Matthew 17:5

    Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος ἰδοὺ νεφέλη φωτεινὴ ἐπεσκίασεν αὐτούς, καὶ ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης λέγουσα· Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός, ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα· αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε.

    While he was still speaking, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them; and suddenly a voice came out of the cloud, saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Hear Him!”

    The bright cloud, a symbol of God’s presence (Shekinah glory), overshadows them, and the voice of God affirms Christ’s divine sonship. This is a direct divine intervention, correcting Peter’s misguided notion of equality. The command “Hear Him!” emphasizes Christ’s authority as the ultimate revelation of God, surpassing the Law and the Prophets. This divine declaration underscores the importance of obedience to Christ’s teachings.

    Practical Application: We must prioritize listening to Christ’s voice above all others. This means studying the Scriptures, praying for understanding, and submitting our will to His. “Hear Him!” is a call to unwavering allegiance.

    Matthew 17:6-8

    Καὶ ἀκούσαντες οἱ μαθηταὶ ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα. Καὶ προσῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἁψάμενος αὐτῶν εἶπεν· Ἐγέρθητε καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε. Ἐπάραντες δὲ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν οὐδένα εἶδον εἰ μὴ τὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον.

    And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their faces and were greatly afraid. But Jesus came and touched them and said, “Arise, and do not be afraid.” When they had lifted up their eyes, they saw no one but Jesus only.

    The disciples’ fear is a natural reaction to the overwhelming manifestation of God’s glory. Jesus’ touch and words, “Arise, and do not be afraid,” offer comfort and reassurance. When they look up, they see only Jesus, signifying that He is the sole focus of their faith. Moses and Elijah have vanished, leaving only Christ, the ultimate mediator between God and humanity. The fear is replaced by the singular presence of Christ, a reminder that He is the source of peace and courage.

    Practical Application: In moments of fear and uncertainty, we should turn to Christ, trusting in His presence and power to calm our anxieties and guide us through the storms of life. Remember His words, “Do not be afraid,” and fix your eyes on Him alone.

    Matthew 17:9

    Καὶ καταβαινόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους ἐνετείλατο αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων· Μηδενὶ εἴπητε τὸ ὅραμα ἕως οὗ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ.

    Now as they came down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, saying, “Tell the vision to no one until the Son of Man is risen from the dead.”

    Jesus instructs the disciples to keep the vision secret until after His resurrection. This is crucial for several reasons. Premature disclosure could lead to misunderstandings and premature attempts to establish His kingdom. The full significance of the Transfiguration can only be understood in light of the Resurrection. The Resurrection is the ultimate validation of Christ’s divinity and the foundation of Christian faith.

    Practical Application: There are times when God reveals things to us that we are not yet ready to share. We must learn to discern the timing of God and wait for His direction before proclaiming our experiences to others.

    Matthew 17:10-13

    Καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ λέγοντες· Τί οὖν οἱ γραμματεῖς λέγουσιν ὅτι Ἠλίαν δεῖ ἐλθεῖν πρῶτον; Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· Ἠλίας μὲν ἔρχεται καὶ ἀποκαταστήσει πάντα· λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν ὅτι Ἠλίας ἤδη ἦλθεν, καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ ἐποίησαν ἐν αὐτῷ ὅσα ἠθέλησαν. οὕτως καὶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μέλλει πάσχειν ὑπ’ αὐτῶν. Τότε συνῆκαν οἱ μαθηταὶ ὅτι περὶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς.

    And His disciples asked Him, saying, “Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?” Jesus answered and said to them, “Indeed, Elijah is coming first and will restore all things. But I say to you that Elijah has come already, and they did not know him, but did to him whatever they wished. Likewise, the Son of Man is also about to suffer at their hands.” Then the disciples understood that He spoke to them of John the Baptist.

    The disciples’ question reflects a common Jewish belief that Elijah must return before the Messiah. Jesus clarifies that John the Baptist fulfilled the prophetic role of Elijah, preparing the way for the Messiah. However, John was rejected and persecuted, foreshadowing Christ’s own suffering. This passage highlights the spiritual blindness of those who fail to recognize God’s messengers and the tragic consequences of rejecting divine truth.

    Practical Application: We must be open to recognizing God’s messengers and heeding their warnings, even when they challenge our preconceived notions. We should learn from the mistakes of those who rejected John the Baptist and Christ, and embrace the truth with humility and obedience.

    Matthew 17:14-18

    Καὶ ἐλθόντων πρὸς τὸν ὄχλον προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ ἄνθρωπος γονυπετῶν αὐτὸν καὶ λέγων· Κύριε, ἐλέησόν μου τὸν υἱόν, ὅτι σεληνιάζεται καὶ κακῶς πάσχει· πολλάκις γὰρ πίπτει εἰς τὸ πῦρ καὶ πολλάκις εἰς τὸ ὕδωρ. Καὶ προσήνεγκα αὐτὸν τοῖς μαθηταῖς σου, καὶ οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν αὐτὸν θεραπεῦσαι. Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν· Ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη, ἕως πότε μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἔσομαι; ἕως πότε ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν; φέρετέ μοι αὐτὸν ὧδε. Καὶ ἐπετίμησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ τὸ δαιμόνιον, καὶ ἐθεραπεύθη ὁ παῖς ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης.

    And when they had come to the crowd, a man came to Him, kneeling down to Him and saying, “Lord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and suffers severely; for he often falls into the fire and often into the water. So I brought him to Your disciples, but they could not cure him.” Then Jesus answered and said, “O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him here to Me.” And Jesus rebuked the demon, and it came out of him; and the child was cured from that very hour.

    The scene shifts abruptly from the mountaintop glory to the desperate plea of a father for his afflicted son. The disciples’ failure to heal the boy exposes their lack of faith and powerlessness in the face of demonic influence. Jesus’ rebuke, “O faithless and perverse generation,” underscores the pervasive spiritual weakness of the people. The father’s desperation is juxtaposed with the disciples’ ineffectiveness, highlighting the critical need for unwavering faith in the Lord. Jesus’ authority over the demon demonstrates His ultimate power and compassion.

    Practical Application: The father’s persistent plea reminds us to never give up on prayer, even when faced with seemingly insurmountable obstacles. We should approach God with humility and unwavering faith, trusting in His power to heal and deliver.

    Matthew 17:19-20

    Τότε προσελθόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ τῷ Ἰησοῦ κατ’ ἰδίαν εἶπον· Διὰ τί ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτό; Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν ὑμῶν· ἀμὴν γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐρεῖτε τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ· Μετάβα ἔνθεν ἐκεῖ, καὶ μεταβήσεται· καὶ οὐδὲν ἀδυνατήσει ὑμῖν.

    Then the disciples came to Jesus privately and said, “Why could we not cast it out?” So Jesus said to them, “Because of your unbelief; for assuredly, I say to you, if you have faith as a mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move; and nothing will be impossible for you.

    The disciples’ private inquiry reveals their confusion and disappointment. Jesus attributes their failure to a lack of faith. He uses the imagery of a mustard seed, a tiny seed that grows into a large plant, to illustrate the potential power of even the smallest amount of genuine faith. The hyperbolic statement about moving mountains emphasizes that with God, nothing is impossible for those who believe. It’s not about the *size* of the faith, but the *object* of that faith – God Himself.

    Patristic Insight: St. John Chrysostom explains, “He does not mean that they should remove mountains literally, but that they should accomplish things that are difficult and seemingly impossible” (Homilies on Matthew 57.2).

    Practical Application: We often underestimate the power of faith, focusing on our limitations rather than God’s limitless potential. We must cultivate a deep and unwavering faith in God, trusting that He can accomplish the impossible through us.

    Matthew 17:21

    [Οὗτος δὲ ὁ γένος οὐκ ἐκπορεύεται εἰ μὴ ἐν προσευχῇ καὶ νηστείᾳ.]

    [However, this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting.]

    This verse, though absent in some manuscripts, is a valuable addition that sheds light on the spiritual disciplines necessary to overcome demonic forces. Prayer and fasting are essential tools for strengthening our faith and deepening our dependence on God. They create a spiritual environment that weakens the power of the enemy and allows God to work through us more effectively. Fasting is a tradition upheld in the Coptic Orthodox Church through lenten seasons and other periods.

    Practical Application: We should incorporate prayer and fasting into our regular spiritual practices, recognizing their power to cleanse our hearts, strengthen our faith, and overcome spiritual obstacles. Fasting should be accompanied by increased prayer and acts of charity.

    Matthew 17:22-23

    Συστρεφομένων δὲ αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Μέλλει ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσιν αὐτόν, καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθήσεται. καὶ ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα.

    Now while they were staying in Galilee, Jesus said to them, “The Son of Man is about to be betrayed into the hands of men, and they will kill Him, and the third day He will be raised up.” And they were exceedingly sorrowful.

    Jesus, once again, foretells His suffering, death, and resurrection. This prophecy serves as a reminder of the ultimate sacrifice He will make for the redemption of humanity. The disciples’ sorrow reveals their love for Jesus and their inability to fully grasp the significance of His impending death and resurrection. It shows a contrast between the joy of the Transfiguration and the reality of the suffering to come.

    Practical Application: We should remember that suffering is an integral part of the Christian life. Just as Christ suffered for us, we too are called to embrace the cross and follow Him, trusting that His resurrection will ultimately triumph over death and darkness.

    Matthew 17:24-27

    Ἐλθόντων δὲ αὐτῶν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ προσῆλθον οἱ τὰ δίδραχμα λαμβάνοντες τῷ Πέτρῳ καὶ εἶπον· Ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν οὐ τελεῖ τὰ δίδραχμα; λέγει· Ναί. Καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν, προέφθασεν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων· Τί σοι δοκεῖ, Σίμων; οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς ἀπὸ τίνων λαμβάνουσιν τέλη ἢ κῆνσον; ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων; Εἰπόντος δὲ αὐτοῦ· Ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἄρα γε ἐλεύθεροί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοί. ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτούς, πορευθεὶς εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν βάλε ἄγκιστρον καὶ τὸν ἀναβάντα πρῶτον ἰχθὺν ἆρον, καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ εὑρήσεις στατῆρα· ἐκεῖνον λαβὼν δὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ.

    When they had come to Capernaum, those who received the temple tax came to Peter and said, “Does your Teacher not pay the temple tax?” He said, “Yes.” And when he had come into the house, Jesus anticipated him, saying, “What do you think, Simon? From whom do the kings of the earth take customs or taxes, from their own children or from strangers?” Peter said, “From strangers.” Jesus said to him, “Then the sons are free. Nevertheless, lest we offend them, go to the sea, cast in a hook, and take the fish that comes up first. And when you have opened its mouth, you will find a piece of money; take that and give it to them for Me and you.”

    This episode concerning the temple tax demonstrates Christ’s divine knowledge and His willingness to submit to earthly authority, even though as the Son of God, He is exempt. The coin in the fish’s mouth is a miraculous provision, showcasing Christ’s power over creation. His instruction to pay the tax “lest we offend them” reveals His sensitivity to the potential for causing unnecessary stumbling blocks for others. This action emphasizes living in harmony with the surrounding community.

    Practical Application: We should be mindful of our actions and avoid causing offense to others, even when we are in the right. We must strive to live peaceably with all men, and where possible, submit to earthly authorities while remaining faithful to God.

    Key Reflections on Faith and Transformation 💡

    Matthew 17 contains crucial lessons about the nature of faith, the revelation of Christ’s glory, and the importance of spiritual discipline. Reflect on these points:

    • The Transfiguration reveals Christ’s divine glory: It provides a glimpse of His true nature and the kingdom to come. This vision sustains us in times of difficulty.
    • Faith is essential for overcoming spiritual obstacles: The disciples’ inability to heal the boy underscores the power of unwavering faith in Christ.
    • Prayer and fasting are vital spiritual disciplines: They strengthen our connection with God and empower us to resist demonic influence.
    • Christ is the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets: Moses and Elijah bear witness to His identity and mission.
    • Obedience to Christ’s teachings is paramount: We must “hear Him” and follow His commands.
    • We should be mindful of our actions and avoid causing offense: We are called to live peaceably with all men.

    FAQ ❓

    Let’s explore some frequently asked questions about Matthew 17:

    • Q: Why did Jesus command the disciples to keep the Transfiguration a secret?

      A: Jesus instructed them to wait until after His resurrection so that the full significance of the event could be understood in light of His victory over death. Premature disclosure could have led to misinterpretations and hindered His mission.

    • Q: What does the mustard seed analogy teach us about faith?

      A: The mustard seed illustrates that even a small amount of genuine faith can accomplish great things through God’s power. It’s not the size of the faith, but the object of that faith—God Himself—that matters.

    • Q: Why were the disciples unable to heal the demon-possessed boy?

      A: Jesus attributed their failure to a lack of faith and the need for prayer and fasting. Their reliance on their own abilities rather than on God’s power hindered their effectiveness.

    • Q: What is the significance of Christ paying the temple tax?

      A: While as the Son of God, He was exempt, Christ paid the tax to avoid causing offense and to demonstrate His submission to earthly authority. This action highlights the importance of living peaceably and not creating unnecessary stumbling blocks for others.

    Conclusion

    Matthew 17 offers a powerful reminder of the **transforming power of faith**. From the radiant glory of the Transfiguration to the desperate plea for healing, this chapter underscores the centrality of faith in experiencing God’s presence and overcoming life’s challenges. We are called to cultivate a deep and unwavering faith in Christ, trusting that He can accomplish the impossible through us. Just as the disciples were strengthened by the vision on the mountaintop and challenged by their inability to heal, we too must embrace both the joys and trials of discipleship. Let us heed the call to “hear Him,” submitting our lives to His teachings and seeking His power through prayer and fasting. May we, like the father of the afflicted boy, approach Christ with unwavering faith, trusting in His mercy and power to transform our lives and the lives of those around us. The glory revealed on the mountain and the healing power demonstrated in the valley are both within our reach through faith.

    Tags

    Transfiguration, Healing, Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Moses, Elijah, Divine Glory, Miracles, Spiritual Warfare

    Meta Description

    Explore the **transforming power of faith** in Matthew 17: commentary on the Transfiguration, healing the possessed boy, & lessons for modern life. Uncover the power of belief!

  • Matthew 4 – The Temptation of Jesus and the Call of the Disciples

    The Temptation of Christ and the Call to Discipleship: Unpacking Matthew 4

    Executive Summary ✨

    Matthew 4, a pivotal chapter in the Gospel, unveils the intense spiritual warfare faced by Jesus immediately after His baptism. Led by the Holy Spirit, He confronts Satan’s temptations in the wilderness, emerging victorious and demonstrating the power of God’s Word. This chapter also marks the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry, as He calls His first disciples, promising to transform them into “fishers of men.” This call resonates profoundly with us today, urging us to surrender our lives to Christ and embrace the transformative journey of discipleship. Through examining this chapter, we gain invaluable insights into resisting temptation, understanding God’s will, and answering the call to serve. The **temptation of Christ and the call to discipleship** shape the foundation of Christian faith and practice, presenting a model for enduring trials and leading others to salvation.

    Matthew 4 opens a window into the very core of our faith, showcasing both the vulnerability and unwavering strength of Jesus. It’s a chapter filled with paradox: the divine Son of God tempted, the solitary figure surrounded by spiritual forces, and the humble beginnings of a movement that would transform the world. This chapter offers a powerful lesson on spiritual warfare and the transformative power of obedience.

    Commentary Sections

    Matthew 4:1-2: The Wilderness and the Fast

    Matthew 4:1-2 (KJV): Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil. And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, he was afterward an hungred.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Τότε ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνήχθη εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος πειρασθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου. καὶ νηστεύσας ἡμέρας τεσσαράκοντα καὶ νύκτας τεσσαράκοντα ὕστερον ἐπείνασεν.

    Jesus, fresh from His baptism and the affirmation of the Father, is immediately led by the Holy Spirit into the wilderness. This isn’t a random occurrence; it’s a deliberate act of preparation. The wilderness, a place of isolation and hardship, mirrors the spiritual battleground where faith is tested. The forty-day fast echoes the fasts of Moses (Exodus 34:28) and Elijah (1 Kings 19:8), connecting Jesus to the prophetic tradition of Israel. His subsequent hunger makes Him susceptible to temptation, highlighting His humanity.

    Patristic Insight: St. Athanasius writes, “Δεῖ γὰρ ἡμᾶς μιμεῖσθαι τὸν Χριστὸν, ἵνα νικήσωμεν τὸν διάβολον.” (Contra Arianos, PG 26.529) “For we must imitate Christ, that we may conquer the devil.” This highlights the importance of spiritual discipline and following Christ’s example in resisting temptation.

    Spiritual Application: We, too, face wilderness experiences in our lives – times of testing, isolation, and spiritual dryness. Like Jesus, we must rely on the Holy Spirit to guide us through these trials, using prayer and fasting as spiritual weapons. Consider how times of difficulty can actually be opportunities for spiritual growth and dependence on God.

    Matthew 4:3-4: The First Temptation: Turning Stones into Bread

    Matthew 4:3-4 (KJV): And when the tempter came to him, he said, If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Καὶ προσελθὼν ὁ πειράζων εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται. Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· Γέγραπται· Οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλὰ ἐπὶ παντὶ ῥήματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος θεοῦ.

    The devil cunningly attacks Jesus’ identity and physical need. He questions, “If thou be the Son of God…” aiming to plant doubt. The temptation to turn stones into bread appeals to a basic human instinct – survival. However, Jesus responds with Scripture (Deuteronomy 8:3), affirming that true life comes not just from physical sustenance, but from obedience to God’s Word.

    Historical Context: The wilderness of Judea is a harsh, arid environment. The availability of food would be a constant concern. The devil is preying on Jesus’ legitimate need in a vulnerable moment. This is similar to how we often justify wrong actions based on genuine needs.

    Spiritual Application: We are constantly tempted to prioritize physical comfort and material possessions over spiritual nourishment. Jesus teaches us that true fulfillment lies in seeking God’s will and obeying His Word. Are we prioritizing our spiritual diet, or are we starving ourselves with worldly pursuits? We can help with your online growth by offering affordable WordPress hosting.

    Matthew 4:5-7: The Second Temptation: Casting Himself Down from the Temple

    Matthew 4:5-7 (KJV): Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city, and setteth him on a pinnacle of the temple, And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone. Jesus said unto him, It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Τότε παραλαμβάνει αὐτὸν ὁ διάβολος εἰς τὴν ἁγίαν πόλιν καὶ ἵστησιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ πτερύγιον τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω· γέγραπται γὰρ ὅτι τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ ἐντελεῖται περὶ σοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἀροῦσίν σε, μήποτε προσκόψῃς πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα σου. Ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Πάλιν γέγραπται· Οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου.

    The devil now elevates the stakes, taking Jesus to the pinnacle of the Temple in Jerusalem. This temptation appeals to pride and a desire for validation. The devil even misquotes Scripture (Psalm 91:11-12), twisting it to suggest that God will automatically intervene to prevent any harm. Jesus counters with another verse (Deuteronomy 6:16), emphasizing that we should not presumptuously test God’s power or demand miracles to prove His faithfulness.

    Geographical Context: The Temple was the center of Jewish religious life. The pinnacle would be a highly visible spot, making the temptation about public display and validation. This temptation plays on the desire for recognition and power.

    Spiritual Application: We are often tempted to seek attention and approval from others, even to the point of manipulating situations or using spiritual gifts for selfish gain. Jesus reminds us that true faith is not about demanding signs or testing God, but about humbly trusting in His wisdom and timing. Avoid spiritual pride and the temptation to use faith for personal gain.

    Matthew 4:8-10: The Third Temptation: Worshiping Satan for Worldly Power

    Matthew 4:8-10 (KJV): Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them; And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me. Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Πάλιν παραλαμβάνει αὐτὸν ὁ διάβολος εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλὸν λίαν καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτῷ πάσας τὰς βασιλείας τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ταῦτα πάντα σοι δώσω, ἐὰν πεσὼν προσκυνήσῃς μοι. Τότε λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ὕπαγε, Σατανᾶ· γέγραπται γάρ· Κύριον τὸν θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις.

    In the final temptation, the devil offers Jesus all the kingdoms of the world in exchange for worship. This is the ultimate test: to choose between worldly power and allegiance to God. Jesus decisively rejects the offer, quoting Deuteronomy 6:13 and commanding Satan to depart. He reaffirms that worship belongs to God alone.

    Biblical Connection: This temptation mirrors the temptation faced by Israel in the wilderness, where they were tempted to worship idols instead of God. Jesus, as the new Israel, remains faithful.

    Spiritual Application: We are constantly bombarded with opportunities to compromise our values for worldly success and recognition. Jesus teaches us that true loyalty belongs to God, and that we must resist the temptation to prioritize earthly power over eternal principles. Examine your own heart: What worldly “kingdoms” are you tempted to pursue at the expense of your relationship with God?

    Matthew 4:11: The Angels Minister

    Matthew 4:11 (KJV): Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, angels came and ministered unto him.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Τότε ἀφίησιν αὐτὸν ὁ διάβολος, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄγγελοι προσῆλθον καὶ διηκόνουν αὐτῷ.

    After Jesus’ unwavering faithfulness, the devil departs, and angels come to minister to Him. This is a powerful reminder that God rewards obedience and provides comfort and strength in times of need. The angels’ ministry signifies divine affirmation and support.

    Spiritual Application: Though we may not always see them, God’s angels are often at work on our behalf, providing protection and guidance. Trust that God will provide for your needs, both physical and spiritual, especially after periods of intense spiritual battle. Be open to receiving His grace and support in unexpected ways.

    Matthew 4:12-17: Jesus Begins His Ministry in Galilee

    Matthew 4:12-17 (KJV): Now when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, he departed into Galilee; And leaving Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is upon the sea coast, in the borders of Zabulon and Nephthalim: That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, The land of Zabulon, and the land of Nephthalim, by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles; The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up. From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι Ἰωάννης παρεδόθη, ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, καὶ καταλιπὼν τὴν Ναζαρὲτ ἐλθὼν κατῴκησεν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ τὴν παραθαλασσίαν ἐν ὁρίοις Ζαβουλὼν καὶ Νεφθαλείμ, ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· Γῆ Ζαβουλὼν καὶ γῆ Νεφθαλείμ, ὁδὸν θαλάσσης πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκότει εἶδεν φῶς μέγα, καὶ τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς. Ἀπὸ τότε ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰησοῦς κηρύσσειν καὶ λέγειν· Μετανοεῖτε· ἤγγικεν γὰρ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν.

    Jesus relocates to Galilee, specifically Capernaum, fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah (Isaiah 9:1-2). This area, often overlooked and considered “Galilee of the Gentiles,” becomes the focal point of His ministry. Jesus’ message of repentance and the nearness of the Kingdom of Heaven signals a new era of hope and salvation.

    Historical Context: Galilee was a region with a diverse population, including many non-Jews. It was considered less religiously pure than Judea. Jesus intentionally chose to minister in a place often overlooked, demonstrating God’s love for all people, regardless of their background.

    Spiritual Application: God often uses the unexpected and overlooked places to reveal His glory. Be open to seeing God at work in unconventional ways and in unlikely people. The call to repentance is a constant invitation to turn away from sin and embrace God’s transforming grace. Where is God calling you to shine His light, even in the “Galilees” of your life?

    Matthew 4:18-22: The Calling of the First Disciples

    Matthew 4:18-22 (KJV): And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea: for they were fishers. And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men. And they straightway left their nets, and followed him. And going on from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them. And they immediately left the ship and their father, and followed him.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Περιπατῶν δὲ παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἶδεν δύο ἀδελφούς, Σίμωνα τὸν λεγόμενον Πέτρον καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν· ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς. καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου, καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων. οἱ δὲ εὐθέως ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ. καὶ προβὰς ἐκεῖθεν εἶδεν ἄλλους δύο ἀδελφούς, Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ μετὰ Ζεβεδαίου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν καταρτίζοντας τὰ δίκτυα, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς. οἱ δὲ εὐθέως ἀφέντες τὸ πλοῖον καὶ τὸν πατέρα αὐτῶν ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ.

    Jesus calls Simon Peter, Andrew, James, and John to follow Him. These ordinary fishermen are immediately responsive, leaving their livelihoods and families to become His disciples. The phrase “fishers of men” signifies their new mission: to spread the Gospel and draw others to Christ.

    Environmental Context: The Sea of Galilee was a vital source of livelihood for the people of the region. Fishing was a common occupation. By calling fishermen, Jesus was choosing people with practical skills and a willingness to work hard. It highlights the simplicity and accessibility of Jesus’ message.

    Spiritual Application: Jesus calls us to a radical commitment, even if it means leaving behind our comfort zones and familiar routines. Are you willing to answer Jesus’ call, even if it requires sacrifice? What “nets” are you clinging to that prevent you from fully following Him? How can you become a “fisher of men” in your own sphere of influence?

    Matthew 4:23-25: Jesus’ Ministry of Teaching, Preaching, and Healing

    Matthew 4:23-25 (KJV): And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. And his fame went throughout all Syria: and they brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and those which were possessed with devils, and those which were lunatick, and those that had the palsy; and he healed them. And there followed him great multitudes of people from Galilee, and from Decapolis, and from Jerusalem, and from Judaea, and from beyond Jordan.

    Original Greek (Nestle 1904): Καὶ περιῆγεν ὅλην τὴν Γαλιλαίαν διδάσκων ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν καὶ κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας καὶ θεραπεύων πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν ἐν τῷ λαῷ. καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἡ ἀκοὴ αὐτοῦ εἰς ὅλην τὴν Συρίαν, καὶ προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας ποικίλαις νόσοις καὶ βασάνοις συνεχομένους, δαιμονιζομένους καὶ σεληνιαζομένους καὶ παραλυτικούς, καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτούς. καὶ ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ ὄχλοι πολλοὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ Δεκαπόλεως καὶ Ἱεροσολύμων καὶ Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου.

    Jesus’ ministry is characterized by teaching, preaching, and healing. He proclaims the Gospel of the Kingdom, bringing hope and restoration to those afflicted with sickness, disease, and demonic oppression. His fame spreads throughout the region, drawing large crowds from diverse backgrounds.

    Spiritual Application: As followers of Christ, we are called to emulate His ministry by sharing the Gospel, teaching God’s Word, and ministering to the needs of others. This includes both physical and spiritual healing. Are you actively seeking opportunities to share the love and compassion of Christ with those around you? How can you be a vessel of healing and hope in your community?

    Subtopic: Resisting Temptation Like Christ 🕊️

    Jesus’ victory over temptation provides a model for our own spiritual battles. Here are some key reflections on how to resist temptation like Christ:

    • Know Scripture: Jesus consistently used Scripture to counter the devil’s temptations. Memorizing and meditating on God’s Word is crucial for spiritual defense.
    • Rely on the Holy Spirit: Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness and empowered by the Spirit to resist temptation. We need to rely on the Holy Spirit for guidance and strength.
    • Recognize the Devil’s Tactics: The devil uses deception, doubt, and distortion to tempt us. Be aware of his strategies and remain vigilant.
    • Prioritize Spiritual Nourishment: Jesus affirmed that “man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.” Prioritize your spiritual diet through prayer, Scripture reading, and fellowship.
    • Submit to God’s Will: Jesus ultimately submitted to the Father’s will, even in the face of intense temptation. Surrender your desires and ambitions to God’s plan for your life.
    • Seek Accountability: While Jesus faced temptation alone, we are not meant to fight our battles in isolation. Seek support from trusted friends, mentors, or spiritual leaders.

    FAQ ❓

    Q: Why was Jesus tempted if He was God?

    A: Jesus, while fully God, also took on human flesh. His temptation demonstrates His identification with our struggles and His ability to overcome temptation as a human, setting an example for us. It proves that temptation, while powerful, does not have to lead to sin.

    Q: What does it mean to be “fishers of men”?

    A: This phrase signifies the calling to share the Gospel and draw others into a relationship with Christ. Just as fishermen use nets to catch fish, we are called to use our words, actions, and gifts to share the good news and invite people to follow Jesus.

    Q: How can I apply the lessons of Matthew 4 to my daily life?

    A: By studying Scripture, praying for guidance, recognizing temptation’s tactics, and prioritizing your relationship with God. Actively seek opportunities to serve others, share your faith, and live a life that reflects Christ’s teachings. Embrace challenges as opportunities for spiritual growth.

    Q: How do the Deuterocanonical books add to understanding the chapter?

    A: While Matthew 4 draws directly from the Old Testament, understanding the wider context of Jewish wisdom literature, found in the Deuterocanonical books, helps us appreciate the subtlety of temptation and the importance of relying on divine wisdom. Books like Sirach and Wisdom offer deep insights into resisting evil and pursuing righteousness, complementing the lessons found in Matthew’s account. These texts provide additional philosophical and ethical frameworks for navigating the challenges of life and remaining steadfast in faith.

    Conclusion

    Matthew 4 offers a profound lesson on the **temptation of Christ and the call to discipleship**, and stands as a testament to Jesus’ unwavering obedience and the transformative power of discipleship. Jesus’ victory over temptation demonstrates that with God’s help, we too can resist the allure of sin and remain faithful to His calling. The call to discipleship isn’t a passive invitation; it’s an active call to surrender, to follow, and to become “fishers of men.” As we reflect on this chapter, let us commit to emulating Jesus’ example, embracing the challenges of discipleship, and shining His light in a world desperately in need of hope. May we never underestimate the power of God’s Word and the transformative potential of a life fully surrendered to Him.

    Tags

    Matthew 4, Temptation of Jesus, Call of Disciples, Spiritual Warfare, Galilee, Repentance, Scripture, Holiness, Discipleship, Coptic Orthodox Theology

    Meta Description

    Explore Matthew 4: The Temptation of Jesus and the Call to Discipleship. A verse-by-verse Coptic Orthodox commentary revealing spiritual insights and practical applications for modern life.