God’s Wisdom in Judgment: A Coptic Orthodox Commentary on Wisdom of Solomon 11

Executive Summary ✨📖

Wisdom of Solomon 11 beautifully illustrates God’s perfect blend of justice and mercy, particularly in His dealings with both Israel and Egypt. This chapter explores how the very instruments of punishment used against the Egyptians – the plague of animals – became a source of blessing and learning for the Israelites. It highlights God’s unwavering faithfulness to His covenant people, even amidst their trials, and underscores His ultimate desire for repentance and salvation for all. The chapter further emphasizes the futility of idolatry and the supreme power of the Creator. Understanding God’s Wisdom in Judgment, as revealed in this chapter, provides invaluable insights into the nature of divine justice, the importance of repentance, and the enduring love of God for humanity. We see a parallel between God’s judgement of the nations and His corrective discipline of individuals, always tempered with mercy and the desire for reconciliation. Website design can help bring this message of God’s love and mercy to more people. This chapter invites us to reflect on our own need for God’s mercy and to extend that same mercy to others.

Introduction 📜

Wisdom of Solomon 11 builds upon the themes established in previous chapters, continuing the contrast between the righteous and the wicked, the wise and the foolish. It delves deeper into God’s providential care for Israel during their exodus from Egypt, highlighting the contrast between His treatment of the Israelites and the Egyptians. The chapter serves as a powerful reminder of God’s sovereignty and His unwavering commitment to His people, even amidst the trials and tribulations they face. It is a testament to God’s Wisdom in Judgment and His perfect balance of justice and mercy.

Commentary: Wisdom of Solomon 11:1-4

Wisdom of Solomon 11:1 (KJV): She prospered their works in the hand of the holy prophet.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:1 (NKJV): She prospered their works by the hand of the holy prophet.

Greek (Septuagint): Ἐπέτυχεν τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν ἐν χειρὶ προφήτου ἁγίου.

This verse highlights the role of divine wisdom in guiding and prospering the Israelites through the leadership of a holy prophet, presumably Moses. The “she” refers to Wisdom, personified as a divine attribute and power of God. This reminds us that all success and prosperity ultimately come from God, working through those who are consecrated to Him. The holy prophet serves as an instrument of God’s will, and his actions are blessed and fruitful because of God’s presence. St. Athanasius highlights the role of the Prophet as being guided by the Holy Spirit to accomplish the Will of God. “Ο προφήτης… ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ λέγει” (Athanasius, Contra Gentes, 41 – “The Prophet…speaks in the Holy Spirit”).

Spiritual Application: We must strive to be instruments of God’s wisdom in our own lives, allowing Him to guide our actions and decisions. We should seek guidance from spiritual leaders and mentors, recognizing that their wisdom is ultimately rooted in God’s grace.

Commentary: Wisdom of Solomon 11:2-4

Wisdom of Solomon 11:2 (KJV): They went through the wilderness that was not inhabited, and pitched tents in places where there lay no way.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:2 (NKJV): They went through the wilderness that was not inhabited, And pitched tents in places where there was no road.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:3 (KJV): They stood against their enemies, and were avenged of their adversaries.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:3 (NKJV): They stood against their enemies, And avenged themselves of their adversaries.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:4 (KJV): When they were thirsty, they called upon thee, and water was given them out of the flinty rock, and their thirst was quenched.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:4 (NKJV): When they were thirsty, they called on You, And water was given them out of the flinty rock, And their thirst was quenched.

These verses vividly depict the arduous journey of the Israelites through the wilderness. The “wilderness that was not inhabited” represents the challenging and desolate circumstances they faced. Yet, even in these seemingly impossible situations, God provided for them. He guided them, protected them from their enemies, and quenched their thirst with water from the rock. The miracle of water from the rock is a powerful symbol of God’s ability to provide for our needs, even in the most unexpected ways. It also prefigures the spiritual water that flows from Christ, satisfying our deepest spiritual thirst. St. Cyril of Alexandria, comments on this miracle as a prefiguration of Christ: “Η πέτρα δε ην ο Χριστός” (Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on John 4:10 – “The rock was Christ”). The imagery of the wilderness and the journeying of God’s people evokes the imagery of the soul’s own pilgrimage towards God, beset on all sides by temptations and hardships but always sustained by His grace.

Spiritual Application: We too will face wilderness experiences in our lives. During these times, we must remember to call upon God, trusting that He will provide for our needs and guide us through the difficult seasons. The miracle of water from the rock is a reminder that God can bring forth blessings even from seemingly barren and impossible situations.

Commentary: Wisdom of Solomon 11:5-9

Wisdom of Solomon 11:5 (KJV): For by what things their enemies were punished, by the same they in their need were benefited.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:5 (NKJV): For by what things their enemies were punished, By these they themselves, in their need, were benefited.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:6 (KJV): For instead of a perpetual running river troubled with foul blood,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:6 (NKJV): Instead of a perpetually running river Fouled with muddy blood,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:7 (KJV): For a manifest reproof of their commandment, wherein they slew the infants, thou gavest to them abundance of water unlooked for:

Wisdom of Solomon 11:7 (NKJV): As a rebuke for ordering the killing of the infants, You gave them an abundance of water beyond expectation,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:8 (KJV): Shewing by that drought how thou hadst punished their adversaries.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:8 (NKJV): Revealing by that thirst how You punished their adversaries.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:9 (KJV): For when they were tried albeit but in mercy chastened, they knew how that the ungodly were judged in wrath.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:9 (NKJV): For when they were tested, though they were disciplined in mercy, They learned what torment the ungodly endured in wrath.

This section underscores the paradoxical nature of God’s judgment and mercy. The Egyptians suffered from the plague of blood, turning their rivers into a source of impurity and death, reflecting their sin of killing the Hebrew infants. Conversely, the Israelites received an abundance of water in the desert, a symbol of God’s provision and life-giving power. The contrast highlights God’s justice in punishing the wicked and His mercy in sustaining the righteous. The suffering of the Egyptians served as a lesson for the Israelites, teaching them the consequences of ungodliness and the importance of obedience to God. The phrase “albeit but in mercy chastened” suggests that even the trials and tribulations faced by the Israelites were ultimately intended for their good, to refine their faith and draw them closer to God. St. Basil the Great speaks of God’s chastening as an act of love, “Ον γαρ αγαπά κύριος παιδεύει” (Basil the Great, Homily 15. On Faith, PG 31:465 – “For whom the Lord loves, He chastens”).

Spiritual Application: God’s judgments are not always what they seem. Sometimes, the very things that punish the wicked can become a source of blessing and learning for the righteous. We must trust in God’s wisdom and believe that even our trials are ultimately intended for our good, leading us to deeper repentance and closer communion with Him. We need to see trials as opportunities for growth and learning, trusting in God’s loving discipline.

Commentary: Wisdom of Solomon 11:10-14

Wisdom of Solomon 11:10 (KJV): For when thou didst examine them, thou didst it but as a father admonisheth his sons: but the other, as a severe king, thou didst condemn and try.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:10 (NKJV): For You tested them as a father, giving them warning; But You examined the others as a stern king, condemning them.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:11 (KJV): Whether they were present or absent, they were vexed alike.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:11 (NKJV): Both those far off and those nearby were afflicted.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:12 (KJV): For a double grief came upon them, and a groaning for the remembrance of things past.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:12 (NKJV): For twofold grief came upon them, And a groaning at the memory of what had happened.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:13 (KJV): For when they heard by their own punishments that the other had received good, they remembered the Lord, and glorified him that living evermore doeth all things well.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:13 (NKJV): For when they heard by their own plagues that the others were being benefited, They acknowledged the Lord, Having seen the end of the Lord.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:14 (KJV): For whom thou didst vex, thou didst try as a father: but the other, as a severe king, thou didst condemn.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:14 (NKJV): For those whom You punished You admonished as a father; But the others You condemned as a stern king.

These verses contrast God’s dealings with Israel and Egypt, depicting Him as a loving father to Israel and a stern king to Egypt. God’s chastisement of Israel was intended to admonish and correct them, leading them to repentance and restoration. On the other hand, His judgment upon Egypt was a just condemnation for their wickedness and oppression. The phrase “they remembered the Lord, and glorified him that living evermore doeth all things well” suggests that the Israelites learned from their trials and acknowledged God’s sovereignty and goodness. This distinction between paternal correction and royal condemnation illustrates God’s Wisdom in Judgment, and the ultimate purpose of judgment is not merely punishment, but also redemption and reconciliation. The duality highlights that God’s intentions are for the ultimate good, for both Israel and potentially even Egypt.

Spiritual Application: We must recognize that God’s discipline is an expression of His love, intended to guide us back to the right path. When we experience trials and tribulations, we should examine ourselves and seek to learn from our mistakes, remembering that God’s ultimate goal is our spiritual growth and well-being. We must also recognize the severity of unrepented sin and strive to live in accordance with God’s will.

Commentary: Wisdom of Solomon 11:15-19

Wisdom of Solomon 11:15 (KJV): And that they might know indeed, that it is meet that man should worship thee, by what things he sinneth, by the same also shall he be punished.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:15 (NKJV): That they might know that one is punished by the very things by which he sins.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:16 (KJV): For thy almighty hand made the world of matter without form; he sent among them a multitude of beasts, which are not good, both bearing the likeness of beasts, and ranging about, they troubled them.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:16 (NKJV): For Your almighty hand, That created the world from unformed matter, Did not lack the means to send among them a multitude of bears, or fierce lions,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:17 (KJV): They were vexed also with the bitings of crawling things, and flying things, neither could they be delivered by any means:

Wisdom of Solomon 11:17 (NKJV): Or unknown, newly created, raging beasts, Full of fury, Breathing out fiery breath, Or pouring forth foul smoke from their eyes.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:18 (KJV): For the vengeance of the ungodly came upon them without mercy, because he was mindful of them.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:18 (NKJV): Not only could the violence extinguish them, But the terror of their presence alone could destroy them.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:19 (KJV): For when they perished, they were troubled with torments; and by the remembrance of their former benefits, they came to the knowledge of his judgments.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:19 (NKJV): Indeed, apart from these things, they might have fallen at a single breath, Pursued by justice, Breathed upon by Your power; But You ordered all things in measure and number and weight.

These verses highlight the principle of retributive justice, where people are punished by the very things with which they sinned. The plagues inflicted upon Egypt, particularly the infestation of wild animals, serve as an example of this principle. The creatures, created by God’s “almighty hand,” became instruments of His wrath, afflicting the Egyptians and demonstrating His power over creation. The Egyptians had turned away from the worship of the true God and embraced idolatry, worshipping creatures rather than the Creator. Therefore, God used those very creatures to punish them, revealing the folly of their idolatry and demonstrating His supreme authority. The description of the “unknown, newly created, raging beasts” suggests the possibility of divine intervention and the creation of specific instruments of punishment to fit the sins of the Egyptians. This section again emphasizes the futility of idolatry.

Spiritual Application: We must be mindful of the connection between our sins and their consequences. Our actions have repercussions, and we may find ourselves suffering from the very things we have indulged in. We must also recognize God’s power over all creation and avoid the temptation of idolatry, worshipping the Creator rather than the creation.

Commentary: Wisdom of Solomon 11:20-26

Wisdom of Solomon 11:20 (KJV): For thou couldest have sent thine anger upon them as a lion, or as a fierce dragon, or as a bear robbed of her whelps,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:20 (NKJV): For You could have sent against them a multitude of bears, or fierce lions,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:21 (KJV): Or as a lion, or as a fierce dragon, or as a bear robbed of her whelps,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:21 (NKJV): Or unknown, newly created, raging beasts, Full of fury, Breathing out fiery breath, Or pouring forth foul smoke from their eyes.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:22 (KJV): Or as a lion, or as a fierce dragon, or as a bear robbed of her whelps,

Wisdom of Solomon 11:22 (NKJV): Indeed, apart from these things, they might have fallen at a single breath, Pursued by justice, Breathed upon by Your power; But You ordered all things in measure and number and weight.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:23 (KJV): But thou art merciful unto all men: for thou canst do all things, and winkest at the sins of men, because they should amend.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:23 (NKJV): But You have mercy on all, for You can do all things, And overlook the sins of men, for the sake of repentance.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:24 (KJV): For thou lovest all the things that are, and abhorrest nothing which thou hast made: for never wouldest thou have made any thing, if thou hadst hated it.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:24 (NKJV): For You love all that exists, and abhor nothing that You have made; for You would not have made anything if You had hated it.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:25 (KJV): And how could any thing have endured, if it had not been thy will? or been preserved, if not called by thee?

Wisdom of Solomon 11:25 (NKJV): And how could anything have endured if You had not willed it? Or how could anything not called forth by You have been preserved?

Wisdom of Solomon 11:26 (KJV): But thou sparest all: for they are thine, O Lord, thou lover of souls.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:26 (NKJV): But You spare all, for they are Yours, O Lord, who love mankind.

This is a key section that reveals the merciful nature of God, which tempers His just judgments. The passage highlights that while God possesses the power to inflict severe punishments, even comparable to ferocious beasts, He chooses to exercise mercy and patience. The phrase “thou winkest at the sins of men, because they should amend” emphasizes God’s desire for repentance and transformation. His forbearance is not an indifference to sin but a loving invitation to turn away from it. The statement that God “lovest all the things that are, and abhorrest nothing which thou hast made” underscores His inherent goodness and His desire for the well-being of all creation. This speaks to the intrinsic value God places on every aspect of His creation, implying that He does not create anything with the intention of destruction or hatred. This section emphasizes God’s love for humanity.

Spiritual Application: We must always remember the merciful nature of God and His desire for our repentance. We should not despair in the face of our sins but rather turn to Him with humility and ask for His forgiveness and grace. We should also strive to imitate God’s love and compassion, extending mercy to others, even when they have wronged us.

Commentary: Wisdom of Solomon 11:27

Wisdom of Solomon 11:27 (KJV): For thine incorruptible Spirit is in all things.

Wisdom of Solomon 11:27 (NKJV): For Your immortal Spirit is in all things.

Greek (Septuagint): τὸ γὰρ ἀφθαρτόν σου πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἐν πᾶσιν.

The final verse of the chapter emphasizes the omnipresence of God’s Spirit in all creation. The phrase “thine incorruptible Spirit is in all things” speaks to the divine essence that permeates and sustains the entire universe. This implies that God is not distant or detached from His creation but intimately involved in its existence and operation. This omnipresence of the Spirit also suggests that all things are ultimately connected to God and reflect His divine nature. We are reminded that His spirit is the reason for creation’s persistence, and without Him creation will fall apart. This final verse is a fitting summary of the entire chapter.

Spiritual Application: We must recognize the presence of God’s Spirit in all aspects of our lives and in the world around us. This awareness should inspire us to reverence and respect all creation, recognizing its inherent connection to the divine. We should also seek to cultivate a closer relationship with God through prayer and contemplation, allowing His Spirit to guide and transform us.

Subtopic: The Paradox of Divine Justice and Mercy ✨⚖️🕊️

Wisdom of Solomon 11 presents a powerful paradox: God’s justice and mercy are not mutually exclusive but rather two sides of the same divine coin. How can we reconcile these seemingly contradictory attributes?

• Justice as Corrective Love: God’s judgments are not arbitrary acts of vengeance but rather expressions of His love, intended to correct and restore.
• Mercy as a Chance for Repentance: God’s mercy provides opportunities for repentance and transformation, allowing sinners to turn away from their wicked ways.
• The Ultimate Goal of Reconciliation: God’s ultimate desire is to reconcile all of creation to Himself, restoring harmony and order.
• The Example of the Cross: The crucifixion of Christ is the ultimate expression of God’s justice and mercy, where sin is punished and salvation is offered.
• Our Role in Extending Mercy: As followers of Christ, we are called to extend mercy to others, reflecting God’s love and compassion.

FAQ ❓

Q: Why does God sometimes seem to punish the righteous?
A: God’s chastisement of the righteous is not intended to destroy them but to refine their faith and draw them closer to Him. Trials and tribulations can strengthen our character and deepen our reliance on God’s grace.

Q: How can we understand God’s judgment in the context of His love?
A: God’s judgment is an expression of His love for justice and righteousness. He cannot tolerate sin because it harms and destroys. His judgments are intended to restore order and protect the innocent.

Q: What is the significance of God’s mercy in the face of sin?
A: God’s mercy is essential for our salvation. It provides us with the opportunity to repent of our sins and receive forgiveness. Without God’s mercy, we would all be condemned.

Q: How can we show mercy to others, even those who have wronged us?
A: We can show mercy by forgiving others, extending compassion, and offering help to those in need. We must remember that we ourselves are recipients of God’s mercy and that we are called to imitate His love.

Conclusion

Wisdom of Solomon 11 offers profound insights into the nature of God’s Wisdom in Judgment and the interplay of justice and mercy. It reminds us that God is both just and merciful, and that His judgments are ultimately intended for our good. We must strive to understand God’s ways, trusting in His wisdom and relying on His grace. The chapter emphasizes the importance of repentance, the futility of idolatry, and the enduring love of God for humanity. The message is clear: even in judgment, God’s mercy shines through, offering a path to repentance and restoration. By understanding the depth of God’s mercy and the necessity of His justice, we can grow closer to Him, reflecting His love and compassion in our daily lives.

Tags

Wisdom of Solomon, Judgment, Mercy, Justice, Coptic Orthodox, Exodus, Egypt, Repentance, Idolatry, Divine Providence

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Explore Wisdom of Solomon 11 with a Coptic Orthodox lens: God’s Wisdom in Judgment, revealing His mercy, justice, and love for humanity. Discover profound insights and spiritual applications.