The Virtuous Woman: A Coptic Orthodox Commentary on Proverbs 31

Executive Summary

Proverbs 31, often titled “The Virtuous Woman,” is far more than a checklist of domestic skills. It’s an icon, a divinely inspired portrait of a woman embodying wisdom, strength, and deep faith. This proverb speaks of a woman whose worth is “far above rubies,” not merely due to her outward abilities, but because her character is rooted in the fear of the Lord. Through meticulous analysis, drawing upon Scripture, the wisdom of the Coptic Orthodox Fathers, and historical context, this commentary seeks to unpack the layers of meaning within this chapter. We explore her business acumen, her care for the poor, her spiritual grounding, and ultimately, her profound impact on her family and community. Understanding this passage through a Coptic lens offers a profound model for both men and women, a testament to the power of a life lived in devotion to God and service to others. This chapter presents a beautiful example of **virtuous womanhood**.

This chapter is a profound testament to the strength and grace of a woman who lives according to God’s wisdom. Let’s delve into the verses of Proverbs 31 and glean the rich spiritual insights they offer, viewing them through the lens of Coptic Orthodox tradition and wisdom.

Commentary Sections

Proverbs 31:1-3 – The Warning Against Immorality

The words of King Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught him: What, my son? and what, the son of my womb? and what, the son of my vows? Give not thy strength unto women, nor thy ways to that which destroyeth kings. (KJV)

The words of King Lemuel; an oracle that his mother taught him: “What, my son? What, son of my womb? What, son of my vows? Do not give your strength to women, nor your ways to that which destroys kings. (NKJV)

The chapter opens not with a direct description of the virtuous woman, but with a warning from a mother to her son, King Lemuel. This sets the stage. Before we can appreciate true virtue, we must understand what it *is not*. The warning against squandering one’s strength on frivolous or destructive relationships highlights the importance of discernment and self-control. This resonates deeply with the monastic emphasis on purity of heart and mind, which is central to the spiritual life in the Coptic Orthodox tradition.

Patristic Insight: St. Anthony the Great, in his letters, consistently emphasizes the need for vigilance against temptations that lead to spiritual ruin. He writes, “Νήφετε, ἀδελφοί, ἵνα μὴ ἡμᾶς ἀποσπάσῃ ὁ διάβολος τῆς ἀγαπῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ.” (Nephate, adelphoi, hina mē hēmas apospasē ho diabolos tēs agapēs tou Theou.) – “Be sober, brethren, lest the devil snatch us away from the love of God.” (Letter 3, PG 40:984).

Application: This initial warning is relevant for all, not just kings. It calls us to examine our priorities and to ensure that our energies are directed towards pursuits that build us up in faith and virtue, rather than those that lead to destruction. We must be careful not to get caught up in relationships, or lifestyles, that distract us from our pursuit of holiness. Take time to evaluate where your energy is directed; is it aligned with your spiritual goals?

Proverbs 31:4-7 – Sobriety and Justice for Kings

It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink: Lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted. Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts. Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more. (KJV)

It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, nor for princes intoxicating drink; lest they drink and forget the law, and pervert the justice due to all the afflicted. Give strong drink to him who is perishing, and wine to those who are bitter of heart. Let him drink and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more. (NKJV)

Lemuel’s mother continues with a call to responsible leadership. Kings (and by extension, all in positions of authority) must be sober, not just in the literal sense, but also in their judgment. Intoxication, whether by alcohol or power, can lead to the perversion of justice and the neglect of the vulnerable. The contrast between the king’s sobriety and the solace offered to the suffering is striking. The king must be clear-headed to serve the needs of those who require comfort. The concept of responsible leadership reflects the biblical call to righteous governance and the care for the poor and oppressed, a recurring theme throughout Scripture and Coptic Orthodox social teaching.

Deuterocanonical Connection: Sirach 31:25-31 echoes this sentiment, warning against the dangers of excessive drinking and its impact on one’s wisdom and judgment.

Application: We might not be kings, but we all have spheres of influence – in our families, workplaces, and communities. How are we using our influence? Are we acting with sobriety and justice? This passage encourages us to be mindful of our responsibility to those around us, particularly the vulnerable and marginalized. Consider how you can offer support to those struggling with burdens and hardship. Check out how https://dohost.us can help you support the marginalized.

Proverbs 31:8-9 – Speak Up for the Voiceless

Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. (KJV)

Open your mouth for the speechless, in the cause of all who are appointed to die. Open your mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. (NKJV)

This is a direct call to advocacy. Speak up for those who cannot speak for themselves. This verse emphasizes the importance of social justice and the duty to protect the vulnerable. This commandment is also echoed in other scriptures, highlighting God’s unwavering concern for the marginalized and His call for His people to act as His hands and feet in the world. It resonates with the Coptic Church’s long history of advocating for the oppressed and providing aid to those in need.

Biblical Connection: Isaiah 1:17: “Learn to do good; seek justice, correct oppression; bring justice to the fatherless, plead the widow’s cause.”

Application: This verse challenges us to confront injustice wherever we find it. Are we willing to speak out against oppression, even when it’s unpopular or inconvenient? Are we actively working to alleviate the suffering of the poor and needy? Consider volunteering with organizations dedicated to advocating for the marginalized.

Proverbs 31:10 – The Incomparable Value of a Virtuous Woman

Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. (KJV)

Who can find a virtuous woman? For her worth is far above rubies. (NKJV)

Here begins the portrait of the virtuous woman. The rhetorical question itself highlights the rarity and preciousness of such a woman. Her value is not measured in monetary terms (“far above rubies”), but in her character and the impact she has on her family and community. The comparison to rubies, highly prized gemstones, underscores her immeasurable worth. This is not about superficial qualities; it’s about inner strength, wisdom, and dedication to God.

Historical Context: In ancient times, rubies were highly valued, often associated with royalty and power. Comparing the virtuous woman to rubies elevates her status and importance to an unprecedented level.

Application: This verse should encourage women (and men) to focus on cultivating inner virtue rather than external appearance. True beauty radiates from a heart that is devoted to God and filled with love and compassion. How can you cultivate inner beauty and virtue in your own life?

Proverbs 31:11-12 – Trust and Benevolence

The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil. She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life. (KJV)

The heart of her husband safely trusts in her; so he will have no lack of gain. She does him good and not evil all the days of her life. (NKJV)

The foundation of the virtuous woman’s relationship with her husband is trust. He can rely on her completely, knowing that she will act in his best interest and contribute to the prosperity of their household. Her actions are consistently benevolent, bringing good and not evil to his life. This emphasizes the importance of loyalty, faithfulness, and mutual respect within marriage. This is not about servitude, but about a partnership built on trust and mutual benefit.

Patristic Insight: St. John Chrysostom, in his homilies on marriage, emphasizes the importance of mutual love and respect between husband and wife. He states that marriage should be a union of souls, not just a physical union.

Application: In any relationship, trust is essential. Are you building trust with those around you through your words and actions? Are you consistently striving to do good to those you care about? Focus on building strong, trustworthy relationships based on mutual respect and love.

Proverbs 31:13-19 – Diligence and Skill

She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands. She is like the merchants’ ships; she bringeth her food from afar. She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens. She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard. She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms. She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. (KJV)

She seeks wool and flax, and willingly works with her hands. She is like the merchant ships, she brings her food from afar. She also rises while it is still night, and provides food for her household, and a portion for her maidservants. She considers a field and buys it; from her profits she plants a vineyard. She girds herself with strength, and strengthens her arms. She perceives that her merchandise is good, and her lamp does not go out by night. She stretches out her hands to the distaff, and her hand holds the spindle. (NKJV)

This section highlights the industriousness and skill of the virtuous woman. She is not idle, but actively engaged in various tasks, from providing for her household to engaging in commerce and agriculture. She is a skilled weaver, a shrewd businesswoman, and a diligent worker. Her work ethic is not driven by compulsion, but by willingness and a desire to provide for her family and contribute to their well-being. This is not simply about domesticity; it’s about resourcefulness, entrepreneurial spirit, and the ability to manage resources effectively.

Archaeological Context: Archaeological evidence from ancient Israel shows that women played a significant role in textile production and agriculture, supporting the portrayal of the virtuous woman as a skilled and productive member of society.

Application: This passage encourages us to embrace hard work and develop our skills and talents. Are you utilizing your abilities to their full potential? Are you seeking opportunities to learn and grow? Cultivate a spirit of diligence and resourcefulness in all that you do.

Proverbs 31:20-24 – Generosity and Business Acumen

She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her household are clothed with scarlet. She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk and purple. Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land. She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant. (KJV)

She extends her hand to the poor, yes, she reaches out her hands to the needy. She is not afraid of snow for her household, for all her household is clothed with scarlet. She makes tapestry for herself; her clothing is fine linen and purple. Her husband is known in the gates, when he sits among the elders of the land. She makes linen garments and sells them, and supplies sashes for the merchants. (NKJV)

The virtuous woman is not just concerned with her own household, but also extends her generosity to the poor and needy. Her acts of charity demonstrate her compassion and her commitment to social justice. The description of her household being clothed in scarlet signifies their prosperity and well-being, a result of her diligent efforts. Furthermore, her business acumen is evident in her ability to produce fine linen and sell it to merchants, contributing to the family’s income and enhancing their reputation. Her actions also elevate her husband’s position, so they work in partnership. She creates things for the poor, and fine things for her family. This demonstrates that she invests in all around her.

Biblical Connection: Deuteronomy 15:11: “For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, ‘You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your land.'”

Application: This verse challenges us to be generous with our time, talents, and resources. How can you extend your hand to the poor and needy in your community? Are you actively seeking opportunities to alleviate suffering and promote social justice? Embrace the spirit of generosity and compassion in your daily life.

Proverbs 31:25-27 – Strength, Dignity, and Wisdom

Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come. She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law of kindness. She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness. (KJV)

Strength and honor are her clothing; she shall rejoice in time to come. She opens her mouth with wisdom, and on her tongue is the law of kindness. She watches over the ways of her household, and does not eat the bread of idleness. (NKJV)

The virtuous woman is clothed with strength and dignity, reflecting her inner fortitude and unwavering faith. Her words are filled with wisdom and kindness, demonstrating her ability to speak truth with grace. She is a diligent manager of her household, ensuring that everything is well-organized and that her family is provided for. She is not idle, but actively engaged in meaningful work. This is a testament to her inner character and her unwavering commitment to excellence. Her actions reflect her wisdom and her character, she does not wait for opportunity, she seeks it. Instead of living for the moment, she anticipates the future and takes joy in her life and work.

Patristic Insight: St. Macarius of Egypt, in his homilies, emphasizes the importance of cultivating inner strength and virtue. He teaches that true strength comes from God and is manifested in acts of love and compassion.

Application: Cultivate inner strength and dignity by living a life of faith and virtue. Seek wisdom and speak with kindness in all your interactions. Be diligent in your responsibilities and avoid idleness. How can you embody these qualities in your daily life?

Proverbs 31:28-29 – Praise and Recognition

Her children arise up, and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praiseth her. Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. (KJV)

Her children rise up and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praises her: “Many daughters have done well, but you excel them all.” (NKJV)

The virtuous woman receives praise and recognition from her family, a testament to her positive impact on their lives. Her children bless her, and her husband praises her, acknowledging her exceptional qualities and contributions. This is not about seeking external validation, but about the natural outpouring of gratitude and appreciation from those who have benefited from her love and care. This passage highlights the importance of valuing and appreciating the contributions of women in the family and society.

Biblical Connection: Ephesians 5:33: “However, let each one of you love his wife as himself, and let the wife see that she respects her husband.”

Application: Express gratitude and appreciation to those who have made a positive impact on your life. Acknowledge the contributions of women in your family and community. Make a conscious effort to uplift and encourage others.

Proverbs 31:30-31 – The Fear of the Lord

Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised. Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her own works praise her in the gates. (KJV)

Charm is deceitful and beauty is passing, but a woman who fears the Lord, she shall be praised. Give her of the fruit of her hands, and let her own works praise her in the gates. (NKJV)

The ultimate virtue of the virtuous woman is her fear of the Lord. This is not a fear of punishment, but a reverence and respect for God that permeates every aspect of her life. Her beauty and charm are secondary; it is her devotion to God that truly defines her. She is praised not for her outward appearance, but for her inner character and her good works. This is a powerful reminder that true beauty lies in a heart that is devoted to God and filled with love and compassion. Her actions, her deeds, are what define her, they are a testament to her relationship with God, and this is the praise she receives. This praise extends beyond her family, she is praised in the gates of the city.

Patristic Insight: St. Basil the Great, in his writings on the Holy Spirit, emphasizes the importance of fearing the Lord as the beginning of wisdom. He teaches that true wisdom comes from God and is manifested in a life of holiness and obedience.

Application: Cultivate a deep reverence and respect for God in your life. Strive to live a life of holiness and obedience, guided by the teachings of Scripture and the wisdom of the Church Fathers. Let your actions be a testament to your faith and devotion to God. This is the key to true and lasting virtue.

Subtopic Sections

Let’s delve into some key reflections on the portrayal of the virtuous woman, particularly as they relate to modern life and the challenges faced by women (and men) in today’s world:

• Beyond Domesticity: The virtuous woman is not confined to the home. She is a businesswoman, an investor, and a community leader. This challenges the traditional stereotype of women being solely responsible for domestic tasks. She is empowered, and acts with confidence.
• Balance and Integration: The passage emphasizes the importance of balancing work, family, and spiritual life. The virtuous woman is not sacrificing one for the other; she is integrating all aspects of her life into a harmonious whole. She does not burn out, she is energized by her work.
• Empowerment Through Service: The virtuous woman’s strength and dignity come from her service to others. By caring for her family, helping the poor, and contributing to her community, she finds meaning and purpose in life.
• A Model for All: While the passage focuses on a woman, the qualities described are applicable to both men and women. We can all strive to cultivate virtues such as diligence, wisdom, generosity, and the fear of the Lord.
• Rejecting Consumerism: The virtuous woman prioritizes character and inner beauty over external appearances. This challenges the consumerist culture that often pressures women to conform to unrealistic standards of beauty and success. She is an example of the power of a human being, that she cannot be reduced to her physical traits.
• Cultivating a Spirit of Excellence: The virtuous woman strives for excellence in all that she does. This encourages us to approach our work, our relationships, and our spiritual life with a spirit of dedication and commitment.

FAQ ❓

• Q: Is Proverbs 31 an unrealistic standard for women?

  A: It’s not meant to be a literal checklist. Rather, it’s a portrait of ideal virtues. It serves as an aspirational model, encouraging women (and men) to strive for excellence in all areas of their lives. The focus is on inner character and devotion to God.

• Q: How does the “fear of the Lord” relate to modern life?

  A: The “fear of the Lord” is not about being afraid of God, but about having a deep reverence and respect for Him. In modern life, it translates to living with integrity, seeking His guidance, and striving to live according to His will.

• Q: How can men apply the teachings of Proverbs 31 to their own lives?

  A: Men can learn from the virtues exhibited by the virtuous woman, such as diligence, wisdom, generosity, and the fear of the Lord. They can also learn to appreciate and value the contributions of women in their lives and to support them in their endeavors.

• Q: What is the Coptic Orthodox perspective on the role of women in society?

  A: The Coptic Orthodox Church recognizes the inherent dignity and value of women as created in the image of God. While certain roles within the Church are reserved for men (such as the priesthood), women play a vital role in the life of the Church and are encouraged to use their gifts and talents to serve God and others. They are equal in creation, but different in function.

Conclusion

Proverbs 31 offers us a profound glimpse into the beauty and strength of **virtuous womanhood**. It’s not merely a guide for women, but a universal call to live a life rooted in faith, characterized by diligence, wisdom, generosity, and above all, the fear of the Lord. The virtuous woman is a testament to the transformative power of a life lived in devotion to God and service to others. Through her example, we are challenged to cultivate inner virtue, to embrace hard work, to extend compassion to the needy, and to strive for excellence in all that we do. May we all, men and women alike, be inspired by her example to live lives that are pleasing to God and a blessing to those around us.

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virtuous woman, proverbs 31, coptic orthodox, christian woman, biblical woman, womanhood, virtue, wisdom, generosity, fear of the Lord

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Explore Proverbs 31, the virtuous woman, through a Coptic Orthodox lens. Discover insights on womanhood, virtue, wisdom, and living a life pleasing to God.