Galatians 4: Heirs Through the Promise – Freedom in Christ

✨ Executive Summary ✨

Galatians 4: Heirs Through the Promise, unveils the profound transition from slavery under the Law to freedom and sonship in Christ. Paul, a fervent apostle, elucidates that before Christ, believers were like minors under guardians, subject to the elemental principles of the world. However, with the fullness of time, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. This adoption bestows upon us the inheritance of God, making us no longer slaves but sons, and therefore heirs through God. Paul passionately urges the Galatians not to revert to their former bondage, reminding them of his deep affection and concern for their spiritual well-being. This chapter serves as a cornerstone for understanding Christian liberty and the transformative power of grace in the Coptic Orthodox faith, guiding us toward a deeper relationship with God as beloved children.

Galatians 4 provides a powerful contrast between the bondage of the Law and the glorious liberty found in Christ. It reinforces the central theme of justification by faith, emphasizing our adoption as sons of God through the redemptive work of Jesus. The chapter calls us to examine our hearts and ensure that we are truly living in the freedom Christ purchased for us, embracing our identity as heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ.

📖 Galatians 4: Commentary 📖

Verse 1

Original (KJV): Now I say, That the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth nothing from a servant, though he be lord of all;

Original (NKJV): Now I say that the heir, as long as he is a child, does not differ at all from a slave, though he is master of all,

Paul begins by using the analogy of a child-heir. Though destined to inherit everything, while underage, the child is subject to tutors and governors, practically no different from a slave in terms of immediate authority. This powerfully illustrates the condition of humanity before Christ. Before the coming of Christ, even though destined for glorious inheritance in the kingdom, we were under the tutelage of the Law. The Law was not inherently bad, but it acted as a custodian, preparing us for the coming of faith. As St. Cyril of Alexandria writes, “οὐ γὰρ κατὰ διάνοιαν ἐμὲν ἀλλὰ κατὰ τύπον” (ou gar kata dianoian emen alla kata typon – For we were not in mind but in type). This speaks to the symbolic nature of the Old Testament Law, foreshadowing the realities found in Christ (Cyril of Alexandria, *Commentary on Galatians*, PG 74:685).

Spiritual Application: Are we living like heirs of God, or are we still bound by the elemental principles of the world? Reflect on the areas where you might be limiting yourself, forgetting your royal identity as a child of God. Embrace the freedom Christ offers and live boldly in your inheritance.

Verse 2

Original (KJV): But is under tutors and governors until the time appointed of the father.

Original (NKJV): but is under guardians and stewards until the time appointed by the father.

This verse emphasizes the temporal nature of the Law’s dominion. The child-heir’s subjection is not permanent but lasts “until the time appointed of the father.” This “time appointed” is the incarnation of Christ. The Law served its purpose until God’s perfect timing when He sent His Son. The role of the “tutors and governors” was to protect the heir and ensure proper preparation. Similarly, the Law protected and prepared Israel, guiding them until the Messiah’s arrival. This verse also alludes to the divine providence and careful planning of God in salvation history. The “time appointed” was not arbitrary but divinely orchestrated.

Spiritual Application: Trust in God’s perfect timing. Sometimes we feel trapped by circumstances or limitations. Remember that God has a plan and a “time appointed” for your liberation and inheritance. Be patient and faithful, knowing that His promises will be fulfilled.

Verse 3

Original (KJV): Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:

Original (NKJV): Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world.

Paul draws a direct parallel to the previous analogy. “Even so we” refers to both Jewish and Gentile believers before their conversion. “Elements of the world” (στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου, stoicheia tou kosmou) is a phrase that has been interpreted in various ways. It could refer to rudimentary religious practices, legalistic observances, or even demonic powers influencing the world. In the context of Galatians, it likely refers to the basic principles of religion, including the Law, which, while good in itself, kept people in bondage when relied upon for justification rather than pointing to Christ. These elements can also be interpreted as the elemental spirits or powers which ancient peoples worshipped. These powers, now defeated by Christ, held people in fear and submission. The Apostle Peter echoes this sentiment: “His divine power has given us everything we need for a godly life through our knowledge of him who called us by his own glory and goodness” (2 Peter 1:3).

Spiritual Application: Identify the “elements of the world” that might be holding you captive today – legalism, fear, materialism, or addiction. Recognize that these things are powerless against the grace and freedom found in Christ. Seek deliverance and live in the liberty of the Spirit.

Verse 4-5

Original (KJV): But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.

Original (NKJV): But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons.

This pivotal passage highlights the incarnation as the turning point in salvation history. “The fullness of the time” signifies God’s divinely appointed moment. The phrase “God sent forth His Son” emphasizes the divine initiative. The Son was “made of a woman” – a clear reference to the Virgin Mary and the reality of His human nature. The Son was “made under the law” – He subjected Himself to the Law, not because He was bound by it, but to fulfill it perfectly and to redeem those who were under it. The ultimate purpose of the incarnation was “that we might receive the adoption as sons.” Adoption is a legal term denoting full inclusion into God’s family, with all the rights and privileges of sonship. As St. Athanasius notes, “Αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐνηνθρώπησεν, ἵνα ἡμεῖς θεοποιηθῶμεν” (Autos gar enanthroposen, hina hēmeis theopoiēthōmen – For He Himself became man that we might be deified) (Athanasius, *On the Incarnation*, 54). This adoption is the core of our salvation, transforming us from slaves to beloved children of God. This passage echoes the prophecy in Isaiah 9:6, “For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; And the government will be upon His shoulder.”

Spiritual Application: Meditate on the mystery of the incarnation and the gift of adoption. Remember that you are not a servant or a slave but a beloved child of God. Live with the confidence and dignity that come from knowing your true identity in Christ. Claim your inheritance as a son or daughter of God.

Verse 6

Original (KJV): And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.

Original (NKJV): And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!”

This verse reveals the inner witness of the Holy Spirit. “Because ye are sons” – our sonship precedes the indwelling of the Spirit. The Spirit is not what *makes* us sons; He is the *evidence* of our sonship. The Spirit of His Son is sent “into your hearts,” signifying a deep, personal, and transformative experience. “Crying, Abba, Father!” – “Abba” is an Aramaic term of endearment, meaning “Father.” This intimate cry expresses the profound relationship believers have with God as their Father. The Holy Spirit empowers us to approach God with childlike trust and affection. The phrase echoes Romans 8:15, emphasizing the Spirit’s role in giving us assurance of our adoption. The repetition of “Abba, Father” underscores the depth and intimacy of this relationship.

Spiritual Application: Cultivate a close and personal relationship with God as your Father. Allow the Holy Spirit to guide you in prayer and to fill your heart with love and confidence. Practice calling upon God as “Abba, Father” and experience the intimacy of His presence.

Verse 7

Original (KJV): Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.

Original (NKJV): Therefore you are no longer a slave but a son, and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.

Paul reiterates the conclusive reality of our new identity. “Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son” is a definitive statement. Once we are adopted into God’s family, our status changes irrevocably. “And if a son, then an heir of God through Christ” – inheritance is a direct consequence of sonship. Our inheritance is not earned or deserved but received as a gift through Christ’s redemptive work. We are “heirs of God,” meaning we inherit all the blessings and promises that belong to Him. This inheritance is “through Christ,” emphasizing that it is solely through His merit and sacrifice that we receive this grace. This speaks to the concept of divine adoption, central to Coptic Orthodox theology. Just as the prodigal son was received back by his father, we too are welcomed into God’s loving embrace. Discover https://dohost.us/ and other resources to further explore spiritual growth.

Spiritual Application: Live like an heir. Recognize your inherent dignity and worth as a child of God. Claim your inheritance of peace, joy, love, and eternal life. Don’t allow yourself to be treated or to think of yourself as less than what God has made you to be.

Verse 8-9

Original (KJV): Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods. But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage?

Original (NKJV): But then, indeed, when you did not know God, you served those which by nature are not gods. But now after you have known God, or rather are known by God, how is it that you turn again to the weak and beggarly elements, to which you desire again to be in bondage?

Paul reminds the Galatians of their pagan past. Before knowing God, they were enslaved to idols, “which by nature are no gods.” This highlights the emptiness and futility of pagan worship. “But now after ye have known God, or rather are known of God” – the phrase “or rather are known of God” is significant. It suggests that our knowledge of God is a response to His prior knowledge and love for us. We don’t initiate the relationship; He does. “How turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements?” – Paul expresses his astonishment that the Galatians would even consider returning to legalistic practices. He calls these practices “weak and beggarly” because they lack the power to save and offer no true spiritual enrichment. This refers back to the “elements of the world” mentioned earlier, emphasizing the bondage of legalism. Returning to these practices is a betrayal of the grace and freedom they have received in Christ. As St. Augustine eloquently stated, “Ama et fac quod vis” (Love, and do what you will) (Augustine, *Homilies on the First Epistle of John*, 7:8). When our hearts are filled with the love of God, we are naturally inclined to obey His commandments, not out of obligation, but out of love.

Spiritual Application: Examine your heart for any lingering attachments to false idols or legalistic practices. Remember that true freedom is found in knowing and being known by God. Resist the temptation to revert to old ways of thinking and behaving. Embrace the new life you have in Christ.

Verse 10-11

Original (KJV): Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years. I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain.

Original (NKJV): You observe days and months and seasons and years. I am afraid for you, lest I have labored for you in vain.

Paul expresses his concern about the Galatians’ obsession with religious observances. “Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years” likely refers to the Jewish ceremonial calendar and its associated feasts and fasts. Paul is not condemning the observance of time altogether but rather the legalistic and superstitious adherence to these practices as a means of attaining righteousness. He fears that their reliance on these outward observances undermines the gospel of grace. “I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain” – Paul’s concern stems from the fact that he has invested much time and effort in teaching them the truth of the gospel. If they abandon this truth, his labor will have been in vain. This passage echoes the prophet Samuel’s warning to the Israelites: “But if you do evil, both you and your king will be swept away” (1 Samuel 12:25).

Spiritual Application: Be wary of legalism and religious formalism. Don’t get so caught up in outward observances that you neglect the inner transformation of your heart. Focus on cultivating a genuine relationship with Christ and allowing the Holy Spirit to guide your life. Ensure your faith is rooted in love and grace, not just adherence to rules.

Verse 12-20

Paul appeals to the Galatians based on their past relationship and his unwavering love for them. He reminds them of their initial acceptance of him, even when he was suffering physically. He marvels at their willingness to do anything for him. This personal appeal is a powerful rhetorical device, appealing to their emotions and memories. He questions why their affection has turned to animosity. He wishes he could be present with them to change his tone, suggesting his present writing is insufficient. He feels perplexed by their wavering faith. He uses the analogy of childbirth to describe his spiritual labor for them, wanting Christ to be fully formed in them. This passage underscores the deep personal connection Paul had with the churches he founded. It also highlights the apostle’s heart of a pastor.

Spiritual Application: Reflect on your relationships with those who have nurtured your faith. Remember the bonds of love and gratitude that connect you. Seek to maintain unity and avoid division. Be open to correction and guidance from spiritual leaders who genuinely care for your well-being.

Verse 21-31

Paul uses the allegory of Hagar and Sarah to illustrate the contrast between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant. Hagar, the slave woman, represents the Old Covenant, which brings forth children into bondage. Sarah, the free woman, represents the New Covenant, which brings forth children into freedom. Ishmael, the son of Hagar, represents those who seek to be justified by works of the Law. Isaac, the son of Sarah, represents those who are justified by faith in Christ. The allegory emphasizes that those who rely on the Law are children of bondage, while those who trust in Christ are children of promise and freedom. This resonates with the teachings of St. Irenaeus, who emphasized the importance of understanding the unity of the Old and New Testaments (Irenaeus, *Against Heresies*, Book IV, Chapter 32). The conclusion is clear: “Cast out the bondwoman and her son, for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.” This is a call to reject legalism and embrace the freedom of grace. The final verse, “So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman but of the free,” summarizes the entire argument of the chapter. It reinforces the believer’s identity as a child of promise, free from the bondage of the Law.

Spiritual Application: Identify whether you are living under the bondage of legalism or in the freedom of grace. Choose to trust in Christ alone for your salvation. Embrace your identity as a child of promise, and live in the liberty that Christ has purchased for you.

💡 Key Reflections 💡

Here are a few key reflections from Galatians 4:

• ✨ Adoption as Sons: We are not merely servants but adopted sons and daughters of God.
• 🕊️ The Spirit’s Witness: The Holy Spirit testifies to our sonship, enabling us to call God “Abba, Father.”
• 📖 Freedom from Legalism: We are freed from the bondage of the Law and religious formalism.
• 📜 The Incarnation: God sent His Son to redeem us and grant us our inheritance.
• 💡 Living as Heirs: We are called to live with the dignity and confidence of heirs of God.

❓ FAQ ❓

Here are some frequently asked questions about Galatians 4:

• Q: What does it mean to be “under the law”?
  A: Being “under the law” means being subject to its demands and attempting to achieve righteousness through obedience to its commandments. This leads to bondage because no one can perfectly fulfill the Law.
• Q: What is the significance of the allegory of Hagar and Sarah?
  A: The allegory illustrates the contrast between the Old Covenant (Law) and the New Covenant (grace). Hagar represents bondage, while Sarah represents freedom. The allegory underscores that we are saved by faith in Christ, not by works of the Law.
• Q: How can I know if I am living in the freedom of Christ?
  A: You can know by examining your heart. Are you motivated by love for God or fear of punishment? Do you rely on your own efforts or on the grace of Christ? True freedom is characterized by joy, peace, and a desire to please God out of love.
• Q: What are the “elements of the world” mentioned in the chapter?
  A: The “elements of the world” refer to rudimentary religious practices, legalistic observances, or even demonic powers that seek to keep people in bondage. They represent anything that distracts us from a genuine relationship with Christ.

Conclusion

Galatians 4: Heirs Through the Promise, stands as a powerful testament to the transformative power of grace and the glorious freedom we have in Christ. Paul’s poignant contrast between slavery and sonship underscores the essence of the Gospel, reminding us that we are no longer bound by the chains of legalism, fear, or the elemental principles of the world. Instead, through the redemptive work of Jesus, we are adopted into God’s family, becoming heirs of His eternal kingdom. As heirs through the promise, we must embrace our identity as beloved children of God, empowered by the Holy Spirit to call Him “Abba, Father!” Let us cast off the shackles of the past and walk confidently in the liberty that Christ has secured for us, living out our inheritance with gratitude, joy, and unwavering faith. Let’s also aim to grow in spiritual depth by checking out our services.

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Galatians, Galatians 4, Heirs Through the Promise, Freedom in Christ, Adoption, Law, Grace, Holy Spirit, Coptic Orthodox, Theology

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Explore Galatians 4: Heirs Through the Promise! A Coptic Orthodox verse-by-verse commentary on freedom in Christ, adoption, and the contrast between Law and Grace.