Pope Kirillos

Category: Gospel of John

Gospel of John

  • John 11 – The Raising of Lazarus

    The Resurrection and the Life: Exploring John 11 – The Raising of Lazarus

    ✨ Executive Summary ✨

    John 11, centered on the raising of Lazarus, is far more than a simple miracle story. It is a profound declaration of Christ’s divine power over death and a foreshadowing of His own glorious resurrection. Our Lord’s deliberate delay in arriving at Bethany, His poignant dialogue with Martha and Mary, and the sheer magnitude of Lazarus emerging from the tomb after four days all point to a deeper theological truth: Jesus is the resurrection and the life. This chapter underscores the importance of faith, the reality of death, and the eternal hope offered through Christ. It calls us to examine our own faith, to confront our fears of mortality, and to embrace the promise of eternal life through belief in Jesus Christ, the ultimate conqueror of death. This event, a pivotal moment in Christ’s ministry, solidifies His identity and foreshadows the ultimate victory over death offered to believers – a victory we remember and celebrate within the Coptic Orthodox Church every Pascha (Easter).

    The gospel of John teaches us that Jesus is the resurrection and the life. Let us delve into the richness of John 11, verse by verse, to uncover the spiritual treasures contained within this powerful narrative.

    📖 Commentary Sections 📖

    John 11:1-2

    KJV: Now a certain man was sick, named Lazarus, of Bethany, the town of Mary and her sister Martha. (It was that Mary which anointed the Lord with ointment, and wiped his feet with her hair, whose brother Lazarus was sick.)

    NKJV: Now a certain man was sick, Lazarus of Bethany, the town of Mary and her sister Martha. This Mary, whose brother Lazarus now lay sick, was the same one who poured perfume on the Lord and wiped his feet with her hair.

    Lazarus’s illness and the mention of Mary, the one who anointed Jesus, set the stage for a deeply personal and significant event. Bethany, a small village near Jerusalem, becomes the backdrop for this demonstration of divine power. The familiarity established in verse 2 reminds us of the intimate relationship Jesus shared with this family. The mention of Mary’s act of devotion prepares us to understand their deep trust in Jesus. This emphasizes the importance of love and relationship as a precursor to experiencing God’s miraculous intervention. In our lives, are we cultivating a similar intimacy with Christ, allowing Him into our homes and hearts?

    Spiritual Application: Remember the power of intimacy with Christ. Seek a deeper relationship through prayer, fasting, and service, just as Mary demonstrated her love. For those looking for web hosting, see if wordpress hosting meets your needs.

    John 11:3

    KJV: Therefore his sisters sent unto him, saying, Lord, behold, he whom thou lovest is sick.

    NKJV: Therefore the sisters sent to Him, saying, “Lord, behold, he whom You love is sick.”

    The sisters’ message is simple yet profound: “He whom You love is sick.” This conveys their faith and expectation that Jesus would respond. They don’t demand a miracle, but rather appeal to His love. This mirrors our own prayers. We should approach God not with demands but with trust and reliance on His love and mercy. Their appeal underscores the power of intercessory prayer, a central practice in the Coptic Orthodox Church. We remember the intercessions of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) and the Saints who continually pray for us before the throne of God.

    Spiritual Application: Imitate Martha and Mary’s humble appeal to God’s love in your own prayers. Trust that He hears and cares, even when His response isn’t what you expect.

    John 11:4

    KJV: When Jesus heard that, he said, This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God might be glorified thereby.

    NKJV: When Jesus heard that, He said, “This sickness is not to death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified through it.”

    Jesus’ response is initially perplexing. He states that the sickness is “not unto death,” even though Lazarus does die. This statement reveals a higher purpose: the glorification of God. The sickness and subsequent death are not an end in themselves, but rather a means to reveal God’s power and glory through the Son. This is a crucial point: suffering can be a vehicle for God’s glory to be displayed. As St. Athanasius said, (Ἀθανάσιος) “Ὁ γὰρ θάνατος τοῦ σώματος, ζωή ἐστι τῇ ψυχῇ” (The death of the body is life for the soul) (Athanasius, *De Incarnatione*, 21). This highlights the Coptic understanding of death as a transition, not an end.

    Spiritual Application: Remember that even in suffering, God’s glory can be revealed. Trust that He has a purpose, even when you don’t understand it.

    John 11:5-6

    KJV: Now Jesus loved Martha, and her sister, and Lazarus. When he had heard therefore that he was sick, he abode two days still in the same place where he was.

    NKJV: Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus. So, when He heard that he was sick, He stayed two more days in the place where He was.

    Despite His love for the family, Jesus delays His arrival. This delay is not due to indifference but is intentional. It allows Lazarus’s condition to worsen, ultimately magnifying the miracle that will follow. This teaches us that God’s timing is not always our timing. We may not understand His delays, but we must trust that He knows what is best. This resonates with the Old Testament story of Joseph (Genesis 45:5-8) where his years of suffering ultimately served God’s greater plan to save his family.

    Spiritual Application: Practice patience and trust in God’s timing, even when it doesn’t make sense to you.

    John 11:11-14

    KJV: These things said he: and after that he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep. Then said his disciples, Lord, if he sleep, he shall do well. Howbeit Jesus spake of his death: but they thought that he had spoken of taking of rest in sleep. Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead.

    NKJV: These things He said, and after that He said to them, “Our friend Lazarus sleeps, but I go that I may wake him up.” Then His disciples said, “Lord, if he sleeps he will get well.” However, Jesus spoke of his death, but they thought that He was speaking about taking rest in sleep. Then Jesus said to them plainly, “Lazarus is dead.”

    Jesus uses the metaphor of “sleep” to describe death, a common practice in Scripture (see also 1 Corinthians 15:20). This highlights the Christian understanding of death as a temporary state for believers, a resting place until the resurrection. The disciples’ misunderstanding reveals their limited perspective and their struggle to grasp the reality of death and resurrection. Jesus’ clarification, “Lazarus is dead,” underscores the gravity of the situation. There’s no mincing words; Lazarus is truly dead, setting the stage for an undeniably divine intervention.

    Spiritual Application: Meditate on the concept of death as “sleep” for believers, finding comfort in the hope of resurrection.

    John 11:17-19

    KJV: Then when Jesus came, he found that he had lain in the grave four days already. Now Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem, about fifteen furlongs off: And many of the Jews came to Martha and Mary, to comfort them concerning their brother.

    NKJV: So when Jesus came, He found that he had already been in the tomb four days. Now Bethany was near Jerusalem, about two miles away. And many of the Jews had joined the women around Martha and Mary, to comfort them concerning their brother.

    Lazarus had been dead for four days. This detail is crucial. Jewish tradition held that the spirit lingered near the body for three days, but after four days, decomposition would have been evident, confirming the finality of death. The presence of many mourners emphasizes the significance of Lazarus’s death within the community. This highlights the cultural context of the time, where mourning was a public and communal expression of grief. The proximity of Bethany to Jerusalem also underscores the public nature of this event and its potential impact on those in the city.

    Spiritual Application: Reflect on the finality of death and the power of God to overcome it. Appreciate the importance of community support during times of grief.

    John 11:25-26

    KJV: Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest thou this?

    NKJV: Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in Me, though he may die, he shall live. And whoever lives and believes in Me shall never die. Do you believe this?”

    This is the central declaration of the chapter: “I am the resurrection and the life.” Jesus doesn’t just offer resurrection; He *is* resurrection itself. This is a profound statement of His divine identity and His power over death. He offers two promises: that those who die believing in Him will live, and that those who live and believe in Him will never truly die. This promise of eternal life is the core of the Christian faith. As St. Cyril of Alexandria notes, (Κύριλλος Ἀλεξανδρείας) “Ζωὴ γὰρ ἐστιν ἡ ἀνάστασις” (For resurrection is life) (Cyril of Alexandria, *Commentary on John*, Book VII, Chapter 2). This emphasizes that Resurrection isn’t simply an event; it IS Life itself!

    Spiritual Application: Embrace Jesus as the source of life and resurrection. Live in the assurance of eternal life through faith in Him.

    John 11:33-35

    KJV: When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping which came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled, And said, Where have ye laid him? They said unto him, Lord, come and see. Jesus wept.

    NKJV: Therefore, when Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who came with her weeping, He groaned in the spirit and was troubled. And He said, “Where have you laid him?” They said to Him, “Lord, come and see.” Jesus wept.

    Jesus’ emotional response to Mary’s weeping and the mourning of the crowd is deeply moving. He “groaned in the spirit” and was “troubled,” indicating a profound sorrow and empathy. Then, simply, “Jesus wept.” This is the shortest verse in the Bible, yet it speaks volumes. It demonstrates Jesus’ humanity, His compassion for those who are grieving, and His shared experience of the pain of death. His tears are not a sign of weakness but of profound love and connection.

    Spiritual Application: Allow yourself to feel the pain of others and offer compassion and support to those who are grieving. Remember that Jesus understands and shares your sorrow.

    John 11:39-44

    KJV: Jesus said, Take ye away the stone. Martha, the sister of him that was dead, saith unto him, Lord, by this time he stinketh: for he hath been dead four days. Jesus saith unto her, Said I not unto thee, that, if thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory of God? Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead was laid. And Jesus lifted up his eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that thou hast heard me. And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou hast sent me. And when he thus had spoken, he cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come forth. And he that was dead came forth, bound hand and foot with graveclothes: and his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus saith unto them, Loose him, and let him go.

    NKJV: Jesus said, “Take away the stone.” Martha, the sister of him who was dead, said to Him, “Lord, by this time there is a stench, for he has been dead four days.” Jesus said to her, “Did I not say to you that if you would believe you would see the glory of God?” Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead man was lying. And Jesus lifted up His eyes and said, “Father, I thank You that You have heard Me. And I know that You always hear Me, but because of the people who are standing by I said this, that they may believe that You sent Me.” Now when He had said these things, He cried with a loud voice, “Lazarus, come forth!” And he who had died came out bound hand and foot with graveclothes, and his face was wrapped with a cloth. Jesus said to them, “Loose him, and let him go.”

    The climax of the chapter. Jesus commands the stone to be removed, despite Martha’s objection about the stench. This highlights the tension between human logic and divine power. Jesus then prays to the Father, acknowledging His constant hearing and emphasizing the purpose of the miracle: that others may believe. His loud command, “Lazarus, come forth!” is a powerful demonstration of His authority over death. The fact that Lazarus emerges from the tomb, still bound in grave clothes, underscores the completeness of the miracle. Jesus then instructs the crowd to “loose him, and let him go,” emphasizing the restoration of Lazarus to full life and freedom.

    Spiritual Application: Trust in God’s power to overcome even the most impossible situations. Allow Him to remove the “stones” of doubt and fear from your heart. Participate in God’s work by “loosing” others from the bonds of sin and death.

    🤔 Key Reflections and Teachings 🤔

    This chapter offers several key reflections and teachings for us:

    • 🕊️ The Divinity of Christ: The raising of Lazarus powerfully demonstrates Jesus’ divine power over death, confirming His claim to be the resurrection and the life.
    • 💡 The Importance of Faith: Martha and Mary’s initial faith, even when mixed with doubt, paved the way for the miracle. Faith is essential for experiencing God’s power.
    • 📖 The Reality of Death: The chapter confronts the reality of death and its impact on those who are left behind. It reminds us of the temporary nature of earthly life.
    • 📜 The Hope of Resurrection: The raising of Lazarus offers hope for the resurrection of all believers. It assures us that death is not the end but a transition to eternal life.
    • ✨ God’s Glory in Suffering: The sickness and death of Lazarus ultimately served to glorify God and reveal His power. Suffering can be a vehicle for divine glory.
    • 🤝 Community and Compassion: The presence of mourners and Jesus’ own tears demonstrate the importance of community support and compassion in times of grief.

    ❓ FAQ ❓

    Here are some frequently asked questions about John 11:

    • Q: Why did Jesus wait so long to come to Lazarus?
      A: Jesus waited intentionally to allow Lazarus’s death to be undeniable, thereby magnifying the miracle and revealing God’s glory through His resurrection. This delay showcases that God’s timing is perfect, even when we do not understand it.
    • Q: What is the significance of Lazarus being dead for four days?
      A: According to Jewish tradition, the spirit was believed to linger near the body for three days. After four days, decomposition would have set in, confirming the absolute finality of death. This makes Lazarus’s resurrection all the more remarkable.
    • Q: What does it mean that Jesus is the resurrection and the life?
      A: It means that Jesus is not just offering resurrection; He *is* resurrection itself. He is the source of eternal life, and those who believe in Him will experience that life, even after physical death. This is the core of Christian hope.
    • Q: How does the raising of Lazarus foreshadow Jesus’ own resurrection?
      A: The raising of Lazarus serves as a powerful foreshadowing of Jesus’ own resurrection, demonstrating His power over death and validating His claim to be the Son of God. It provides a glimpse of the ultimate victory over death that Christ offers to all believers.

    ⭐ Conclusion ⭐

    John 11, the narrative of the raising of Lazarus, is more than a miracle story; it is a profound theological statement. It underscores that Jesus is the resurrection and the life, offering hope and eternal life to all who believe in Him. As Coptic Orthodox Christians, we understand death as a temporary separation, a “sleep” for those who are in Christ. The raising of Lazarus prefigures Christ’s own resurrection and assures us of our future resurrection. This chapter calls us to deepen our faith, to confront our fears of death, and to embrace the promise of eternal life through Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior. Let us live in the light of this truth, knowing that even in the face of death, we have hope in the One who conquered it all.

    Tags

    John 11, Lazarus, Resurrection, Jesus Christ, Miracle, Faith, Bethany, Death, Eternal Life, Coptic Orthodox

    Meta Description

    Explore John 11 – The Raising of Lazarus! Deep dive into the miracle, Jesus’ divinity, and eternal life in this verse-by-verse Coptic Orthodox commentary.

  • John 10 – The Good Shepherd and the Feast of Dedication

    Jesus, the Good Shepherd: A Coptic Orthodox Commentary on John 10

    Executive Summary

    John 10 presents Jesus as the Good Shepherd, contrasting Him with false shepherds who seek their own gain. He lays down His life for His sheep, knowing them individually and promising them eternal life. This chapter also recounts the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah), a time of remembrance for the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem. It reveals the Jews’ continued unbelief, despite Jesus’ clear miracles and teachings, and their attempts to stone Him for blasphemy when He declares His oneness with the Father. Through the imagery of the Good Shepherd, Jesus reveals His loving care, divine authority, and ultimate sacrifice, inviting all to follow Him and find true salvation. This commentary, rooted in Coptic Orthodox tradition, unpacks the profound theological and practical implications of Jesus, the Good Shepherd, for our lives today.

    John chapter 10 opens with a powerful allegory, revealing Christ’s intimate relationship with His followers and His divine nature. This chapter, filled with both promise and confrontation, offers profound insights into the heart of the Gospel. Let us delve into the rich tapestry of John 10, exploring its historical context, theological depth, and practical implications for our spiritual journey.

    Commentary Sections

    John 10:1-6: The True Shepherd and the Thief

    Ἰωάννης 10:1-6 (Greek): Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὁ μὴ εἰσερχόμενος διὰ τῆς θύρας εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν τῶν προβάτων, ἀλλὰ ἀναβαίνων ἀλλαχόθεν, ἐκεῖνος κλέπτης ἐστὶν καὶ λῃστής· ὁ δὲ εἰσερχόμενος διὰ τῆς θύρας ποιμήν ἐστιν τῶν προβάτων. τούτῳ ὁ θυρωρὸς ἀνοίγει, καὶ τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούει, καὶ τὰ ἴδια πρόβατα καλεῖ κατ’ ὄνομα καὶ ἐξάγει αὐτά. ὅταν τὰ ἴδια πάντα ἐξενέγκῃ, ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν πορεύεται, καὶ τὰ πρόβατα αὐτῷ ἀκολουθεῖ, ὅτι οἴδασιν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ· ἀλλοτρίῳ δὲ οὐ μὴ ἀκολουθήσουσιν, ἀλλὰ φεύξονται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι οὐκ οἴδασιν τῶν ἀλλοτρίων τὴν φωνήν. Ταύτην τὴν παροιμίαν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τίνα ἦν ἃ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς.

    John 10:1-6 (KJV): Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber. But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. To him the porter openeth; and the sheep hear his voice: and he calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. And when he putteth forth his own sheep, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice. And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers. This parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them.

    Jesus begins with a “verily, verily” (ἀμὴν ἀμὴν), signifying the utmost importance of what He is about to say. He contrasts the true shepherd, who enters through the gate, with the thief and robber who climbs over the wall. This imagery would have been immediately understood by His audience, familiar with the common practice of shepherding. The sheepfold represented the people of God, and the “door” symbolized the legitimate way of entering into God’s service – through divine appointment and adherence to God’s law. The thief and robber represent false teachers and leaders who seek to exploit the flock for their own selfish purposes. They do not care for the sheep but only for themselves.

    St. Cyril of Alexandria elucidates this point: “Τὸν μὲν γὰρ εἰσερχόμενον διὰ τῆς θύρας, τὸν κατὰ νόμον καὶ τὴν θείαν βούλησιν εἰς τὴν λειτουργίαν παραγιγνόμενον, ποιμένα ἐκάλει τῶν προβάτων.” (Commentary on John, Book VI, Chapter 1) – “He called the one who enters through the door, the one who comes to the ministry according to the law and divine will, the shepherd of the sheep.”

    The Good Shepherd, unlike the thief, is recognized by the sheep, who know and respond to His voice. This emphasizes the personal and intimate relationship between Christ and His followers. He calls His sheep “by name,” a testament to His individual care and attention. This is reminiscent of Isaiah 43:1, “Fear not, for I have redeemed you; I have called you by your name; You are Mine.” The sheep follow Him because they know His voice and trust Him implicitly.

    Spiritual Application: We must discern the true voice of Christ from the false voices of the world. This requires studying the Scriptures, prayer, and participation in the sacramental life of the Church. We should seek spiritual guidance from those who teach sound doctrine and live according to the Gospel. Just as sheep instinctively know their shepherd’s voice, we can learn to recognize the presence and guidance of the Holy Spirit in our lives. Consider using dohust.us to connect with spiritual mentors in our community.

    John 10:7-10: I Am the Door

    Ἰωάννης 10:7-10 (Greek): Εἶπεν οὖν πάλιν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα τῶν προβάτων. πάντες ὅσοι ἦλθον πρὸ ἐμοῦ κλέπται εἰσὶν καὶ λῃσταί· ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἤκουσαν αὐτῶν τὰ πρόβατα. ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα· δι’ ἐμοῦ ἐάν τις εἰσέλθῃ σωθήσεται, καὶ εἰσελεύσεται καὶ ἐξελεύσεται, καὶ νομὴν εὑρήσει. ὁ κλέπτης οὐκ ἔρχεται εἰ μὴ ἵνα κλέψῃ καὶ θύσῃ καὶ ἀπολέσῃ· ἐγὼ ἦλθον ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσιν καὶ περισσὸν ἔχωσιν.

    John 10:7-10 (KJV): Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto you, I am the door of the sheep. All that ever came before me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep did not hear them. I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture. The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly.

    Jesus reiterates His importance with another “verily, verily,” emphasizing that He is the “door of the sheep.” This statement shifts the allegory slightly, suggesting that Jesus is not only the shepherd but also the very means of access to the sheepfold – to salvation and fellowship with God. He condemns those who came before Him as “thieves and robbers,” referring to false messiahs and misguided leaders who led the people astray. The sheep did not heed them because they did not possess the genuine voice of truth.

    St. Augustine of Hippo comments: “Quid est enim aliud dicere, Ego sum ostium, nisi quia per me ad me venitur?” (Tractates on the Gospel of John, Tractate 47, 4) – “For what else does it mean to say, ‘I am the door,’ except that through me one comes to me?”

    Jesus declares that through Him, one shall be saved, “and shall go in and out, and find pasture.” This speaks of freedom, security, and abundant provision. The “thief” represents Satan, whose intention is to steal, kill, and destroy. In contrast, Jesus came to give life, and “that they might have it more abundantly.” This is not merely physical life but eternal life – a life filled with purpose, joy, and the fullness of God’s grace.

    Spiritual Application: We must recognize Jesus as the only way to salvation. There are many voices in the world claiming to offer truth and fulfillment, but only Jesus can lead us to eternal life. We must enter through the door of faith, trusting in His sacrifice and following His teachings. This leads to a life of abundance, both now and in eternity. Seek ways to deepen your faith through services available in your local community.

    John 10:11-18: The Good Shepherd Lays Down His Life

    Ἰωάννης 10:11-18 (Greek): Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός· ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλὸς τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων. ὁ μισθωτὸς δὲ καὶ οὐκ ὢν ποιμὴν οὗ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἴδια τὰ πρόβατα, θεωρεῖ τὸν λύκον ἐρχόμενον καὶ ἀφίει τὰ πρόβατα καὶ φεύγει· καὶ ὁ λύκος ἁρπάζει αὐτὰ καὶ σκορπίζει τὰ πρόβατα. ὁ δὲ μισθωτὸς φεύγει, ὅτι μισθωτός ἐστιν καὶ οὐ μέλει αὐτῷ περὶ τῶν προβάτων. Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, καὶ γινώσκω τὰ ἐμὰ καὶ γινώσκουσί με τὰ ἐμά, καθὼς γινώσκει με ὁ πατὴρ κἀγὼ γινώσκω τὸν πατέρα· καὶ τὴν ψυχήν μου τίθημι ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων. καὶ ἄλλα πρόβατα ἔχω ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τῆς αὐλῆς ταύτης· κἀκεῖνα δεῖ με ἀγαγεῖν, καὶ τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούσουσιν, καὶ γενήσονται μία ποίμνη, εἷς ποιμήν. διὰ τοῦτο ὁ πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ με, ὅτι ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ, ἀλλ’ ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ. ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι αὐτὴν καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν· ταύτην τὴν ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου.

    John 10:11-18 (KJV): I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep. But he that is an hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth: and the wolf catcheth them, and scattereth the sheep. The hireling fleeth, because he is an hireling, and careth not for the sheep. I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine. As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd. Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.

    Here, Jesus explicitly declares, “I am the good shepherd.” This is not just any shepherd, but the *good* shepherd (ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός), signifying moral excellence and selfless devotion. The defining characteristic of the Good Shepherd is that He “giveth his life for the sheep.” This stands in stark contrast to the “hireling,” who cares only for his wages and abandons the sheep when danger threatens. The “wolf” represents spiritual dangers, including false teachings, persecution, and the forces of evil.

    Origen writes: “Ὁ δὲ ποιμὴν ὁ καλὸς τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων.” (Commentary on John, Book XIX, 4) – “But the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.” He highlights the selfless nature of Christ’s love.

    Jesus emphasizes His intimate knowledge of His sheep: “I know my sheep, and am known of mine.” This is not merely superficial knowledge but a deep, personal relationship mirroring the relationship between the Father and the Son. “As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father.” This statement hints at the divine unity of the Father and the Son and underscores the unique authority of Jesus. He also mentions “other sheep” not of “this fold,” referring to the Gentiles, whom He would also gather into one flock. This speaks to the universality of salvation through Christ.

    Furthermore, Jesus asserts His voluntary surrender of life and His power to take it up again. “No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself.” This highlights the willing and intentional nature of His sacrifice. This act of self-sacrifice is pleasing to the Father and demonstrates His obedience to the Father’s will. “This commandment have I received of my Father.”

    Spiritual Application: We are called to imitate the Good Shepherd in our own lives, laying down our lives for others in acts of service, sacrifice, and love. This doesn’t necessarily mean physical death, but rather a willingness to put the needs of others before our own, even when it is difficult or inconvenient. We should strive to know Christ intimately through prayer, scripture, and the sacraments, allowing Him to guide and protect us from the dangers of the world. Consider volunteering and being a shepherd to people in need.

    John 10:19-21: Division Among the Jews

    Ἰωάννης 10:19-21 (Greek): Σχίσμα οὖν πάλιν ἐγένετο ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις διὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους. ἔλεγον πολλοὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν· Δαιμόνιον ἔχει καὶ μαίνεται· τί αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε; ἄλλοι ἔλεγον· Ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα οὐκ ἔστιν δαιμονιζομένου· μὴ δαιμόνιον δύναται τυφλῶν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνοίγειν;

    John 10:19-21 (KJV): There was a division therefore again among the Jews for these sayings. And many of them said, He hath a devil, and is mad; why hear ye him? Others said, These are not the words of him that hath a devil. Can a devil open the eyes of the blind?

    Jesus’ words caused a “division…again” among the Jews. Some accused Him of being demon-possessed and mad, dismissing His teachings as the ravings of a lunatic. Others, however, recognized the truth in His words and pointed to His miraculous works as evidence of His divine power. “Can a devil open the eyes of the blind?” they asked, highlighting the undeniable reality of Jesus’ healing ministry. This division reflects the spiritual battle taking place within the hearts of the people – a struggle between belief and unbelief, truth and falsehood.

    Spiritual Application: The Gospel often causes division, even within families and communities. Not everyone will accept the truth of Christ. We must be prepared to face opposition and misunderstanding, but we should never compromise the truth. We should pray for those who are blinded by unbelief, that they may see the light of the Gospel.

    John 10:22-30: The Feast of Dedication and Jesus’ Declaration

    Ἰωάννης 10:22-30 (Greek): Ἐγένετο τότε τὰ Ἐγκαίνια ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις· χειμὼν ἦν, καὶ περιεπάτει ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ ἐν τῇ στοᾷ τοῦ Σολομῶνος. Ἐκύκλωσαν οὖν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ ἔλεγον αὐτῷ· ἕως πότε τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις; εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός, εἰπὲ ἡμῖν παρρησίᾳ. Ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Εἶπον ὑμῖν, καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε· τὰ ἔργα ἃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρός μου, ταῦτα μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ. ἀλλ’ ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετε, ὅτι οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐκ τῶν προβάτων τῶν ἐμῶν. τὰ πρόβατά μου τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούουσιν, κἀγὼ γινώσκω αὐτά, καὶ ἀκολουθοῦσίν μοι· κἀγὼ ζωὴν αἰώνιον δίδωμι αὐτοῖς, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀπόλωνται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ οὐχ ἁρπάσει τις αὐτὰ ἐκ τῆς χειρός μου. ὁ πατήρ μου ὃς δέδωκέν μοι πάντα, μείζων πάντων ἐστί· καὶ οὐδεὶς δύναται ἁρπάζειν ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ πατρός μου. Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν.

    John 10:22-30 (KJV): And it was at Jerusalem the feast of the dedication, and it was winter. And Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon’s porch. Then came the Jews round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou make us to doubt? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly. Jesus answered them, I told you, and ye believed not: the works that I do in my Father’s name, they bear witness of me. But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep, As I said unto you. My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand. My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father’s hand. I and my Father are one.

    This section provides a specific historical context: “it was at Jerusalem the feast of the dedication, and it was winter.” The Feast of Dedication, also known as Hanukkah, commemorated the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem during the Maccabean Revolt in the 2nd century BC. It was a time of celebration and remembrance of God’s faithfulness to His people.

    The Jews surrounded Jesus and demanded, “How long dost thou make us to doubt? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly.” Their question reveals their impatience and skepticism. Jesus responds that He has already told them, both through His words and His works. “The works that I do in my Father’s name, they bear witness of me.” He points to His miracles as evidence of His messianic identity and divine authority. However, He also states that they do not believe because “ye are not of my sheep.”

    Jesus reiterates the characteristics of His sheep: “My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.” He promises them “eternal life” and assures them that they “shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand.” This promise offers incredible security and assurance to those who believe in Him. He reinforces this security by stating, “My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father’s hand.” This emphasizes the power and protection of God the Father.

    The climax of this section is Jesus’ bold declaration: “I and my Father are one.” This statement reveals the divine unity of the Father and the Son, a core doctrine of the Christian faith. It affirms that Jesus is not merely a prophet or teacher, but God incarnate. This is the very essence of the Coptic Orthodox faith – the belief in the Holy Trinity, one God in three persons.

    St. Athanasius writes powerfully about the unity of the Father and Son: “Οὐ γὰρ ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ Λόγος καὶ ἄλλος ὁ Πατήρ, ἀλλ’ εἷς καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς Θεός.” (Against the Arians, 3.4) – “For the Word is not one and the Father another, but one and the same God.”

    Spiritual Application: During times of doubt and uncertainty, we should look to the “works” of Christ in our lives and in the lives of others. His miracles, His teachings, and His love are all evidence of His divine power and presence. We must listen to His voice, follow His teachings, and trust in His promise of eternal life. Cling to the promise of security in His hand and the Father’s hand, knowing that nothing can separate us from their love. Take time to reflect on the blessings in your life.

    John 10:31-39: Attempt to Stone Jesus

    Ἰωάννης 10:31-39 (Greek): Ἔβαστασαν οὖν πάλιν λίθους οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἵνα λιθάσωσιν αὐτόν. Ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Πολλὰ καλὰ ἔργα ἔδειξα ὑμῖν ἐκ τοῦ πατρός μου· διὰ ποῖον αὐτῶν ἔργον λιθάζετέ με; Ἀπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι λέγοντες· Περὶ καλοῦ ἔργου οὐ λιθάζομέν σε, ἀλλὰ περὶ βλασφημίας, καὶ ὅτι σὺ ἄνθρωπος ὢν ποιεῖς σεαυτὸν θεόν. Ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν ὅτι ἐγὼ εἶπα· θεοί ἐστε; εἰ ἐκείνους εἶπεν θεοὺς πρὸς οὓς ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ γραφή, ὃν ὁ πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπα· υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ εἰμι; Εἰ οὐ ποιῶ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρός μου, μὴ πιστεύετέ μοι· εἰ δὲ ποιῶ, κἂν ἐμοὶ μὴ πιστεύητε, τοῖς ἔργοις πιστεύετε, ἵνα γνῶτε καὶ πιστεύσητε ὅτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ὁ πατὴρ κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ. Ἐζήτουν οὖν πάλιν αὐτὸν πιάσαι, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν.

    John 10:31-39 (KJV): Then the Jews took up stones again to stone him. Jesus answered them, Many good works have I shewed you from my Father; for which of those works do ye stone me? The Jews answered him, saying, For a good work we stone thee not; but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God. Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods? If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came, and the scripture cannot be broken; Say ye of him, whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, Thou blasphemest; because I said, I am the Son of God? If I do not the works of my Father, believe me not. But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him. Therefore they sought again to take him: but he escaped out of their hand.

    Incensed by Jesus’ declaration of oneness with the Father, the Jews “took up stones again to stone him.” This violent reaction reveals the depth of their unbelief and their rejection of Jesus’ divinity. Jesus challenges them, asking, “Many good works have I shewed you from my Father; for which of those works do ye stone me?” Their response is that they are not stoning Him for His good works but for “blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God.”

    Jesus defends Himself by quoting Psalm 82:6, “I said, Ye are gods?” He argues that if the Scriptures can refer to human beings as “gods” – those to whom the word of God came – then why should they accuse Him of blasphemy for calling Himself the Son of God? He emphasizes that He is the one whom the Father “hath sanctified, and sent into the world.” He again appeals to His works as evidence of His divine origin and authority. “If I do not the works of my Father, believe me not. But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him.” Despite His reasoned arguments, the Jews continued to seek to arrest Him, but He “escaped out of their hand.”

    Spiritual Application: We must be careful not to reject the truth of Christ’s divinity simply because it is difficult to comprehend. We should examine the evidence of His life, His teachings, and His miracles with an open mind and a willing heart. When confronted with opposition or persecution, we should stand firm in our faith, trusting in the power of God to protect us. Remember those who have gone before us, suffering for their belief in Christ.

    John 10:40-42: Many Believed on Him There

    Ἰωάννης 10:40-42 (Greek): Καὶ ἀπῆλθεν πάλιν πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου εἰς τὸν τόπον ὅπου ἦν Ἰωάννης τὸ πρῶτον βαπτίζων, καὶ ἔμεινεν ἐκεῖ. καὶ πολλοὶ ἦλθον πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ ἔλεγον ὅτι Ἰωάννης μὲν σημεῖον ἐποίησεν οὐδέν, πάντα δὲ ὅσα εἶπεν Ἰωάννης περὶ τούτου ἀληθῆ ἦσαν. καὶ ἐπίστευσαν πολλοὶ ἐκεῖ εἰς αὐτόν.

    John 10:40-42 (KJV): And went away again beyond Jordan into the place where John at first baptized; and there he abode. And many resorted unto him, and said, John did no miracle: but all things that John spake of this man were true. And many believed on him there.

    Having escaped the Jews’ attempt to arrest Him, Jesus “went away again beyond Jordan into the place where John at first baptized.” This return to the place of John’s ministry is significant. It highlights the continuity between John’s witness and Jesus’ own ministry. “And many resorted unto him, and said, John did no miracle: but all things that John spake of this man were true. And many believed on him there.” This verse demonstrates the power of John’s testimony and the impact of Jesus’ presence. Even though John performed no miracles, his unwavering witness to the truth prepared the way for Jesus and led many to believe in Him.

    Spiritual Application: Even if we are not able to perform great miracles, we can still be powerful witnesses for Christ through our words and our actions. We should strive to live lives that reflect the truth of the Gospel and point others to Jesus. Do not underestimate the power of your testimony.

    Subtopic Sections

    Let’s summarize some key theological teachings from this chapter:

    • ✨ The Divine Nature of Christ: Jesus’ claims of unity with the Father assert His divinity. This is a cornerstone of Coptic Orthodox theology, emphasizing the Trinity – Father, Son, and Holy Spirit – as one God.
    • 💡 The Good Shepherd Imagery: Christ’s portrayal as the Good Shepherd highlights His loving care, protection, and willingness to sacrifice for His followers. This pastoral image resonates deeply within our tradition.
    • 📖 Salvation Through Christ Alone: Jesus declares Himself as the “door” – the only way to salvation. This exclusivity is a critical doctrine, emphasizing the unique redemptive work of Christ.
    • 📜 Eternal Security of Believers: The assurance that no one can “pluck them out of my hand” offers profound comfort and security to believers, signifying God’s unwavering protection.
    • 🕊️ The Importance of Hearing and Following Christ: Only those who “hear my voice” and “follow me” are recognized as Christ’s sheep. This emphasizes the importance of obedience and discipleship.
    • ✝️ The Universality of Salvation: The mention of “other sheep” not of “this fold” hints at the inclusion of Gentiles, emphasizing the universal scope of God’s salvation.

    FAQ ❓

    Here are some frequently asked questions about John 10:

    • Q: Why did the Jews want to stone Jesus?
      A: The Jews sought to stone Jesus because they believed He was committing blasphemy by claiming to be God (John 10:33). His declaration, “I and my Father are one” was seen as a direct challenge to their monotheistic understanding of God.
    • Q: What is the significance of the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah)?
      A: The Feast of Dedication commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem following its desecration by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. It is a celebration of religious freedom and God’s faithfulness. In the context of John 10, it highlights the Jews’ commitment to the Temple, while simultaneously rejecting the true Temple, who is Jesus.
    • Q: What does it mean to be one of Jesus’ sheep?
      A: Being one of Jesus’ sheep means recognizing Him as the Good Shepherd, hearing and obeying His voice, and following Him. It entails a personal relationship with Christ, marked by faith, trust, and obedience.
    • Q: How does John 10 relate to the Old Testament?
      A: John 10 draws heavily on Old Testament imagery and prophecies, particularly those relating to the Messiah as a shepherd (Psalm 23, Ezekiel 34). Jesus fulfills these prophecies by offering Himself as the ultimate sacrifice for His sheep, providing them with eternal life. His claim to be the Son of God also fulfills many Old Testament prophecies regarding the coming Messiah.

    Conclusion

    John 10 provides a profound and beautiful portrait of Jesus, the Good Shepherd. Through vivid imagery and powerful declarations, Jesus reveals His divine nature, His unwavering love, and His ultimate sacrifice for His sheep. He offers us eternal life and the assurance of His protection, inviting us to hear His voice and follow Him. This chapter challenges us to discern the true shepherd from the false, to embrace the truth of Christ’s divinity, and to live lives of faith, obedience, and love. As Coptic Orthodox Christians, we hold fast to the ancient faith, cherishing the promise that we are held securely in the hand of the Good Shepherd and the hand of His Father. Let this Good Shepherd guide you through the difficult times.

    Tags

    Jesus, Good Shepherd, John 10, Coptic Orthodox, Theology, Feast of Dedication, Hanukkah, I am the door, Eternal life, Blasphemy

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    Explore John 10 verse-by-verse with a Coptic Orthodox perspective. Discover Jesus, the Good Shepherd, His divine nature, and the promise of eternal life. #John10 #GoodShepherd

  • John 9 – Jesus Heals the Man Born Blind

    From Blindness to Sight: Unveiling the Miracle of Spiritual Healing in John 9

    ✨ Executive Summary

    John 9 presents a profound narrative of Jesus healing a man born blind, a miracle far exceeding mere physical restoration. It’s a powerful allegory for our spiritual blindness and the transformative power of Christ’s grace. This chapter illuminates the stark contrast between the Pharisees’ rigid adherence to the law and their spiritual blindness, and the man’s gradual awakening to the truth of Jesus as the Messiah. We delve into the historical context, examining the significance of healing on the Sabbath and the importance of the Pool of Siloam. Through detailed verse-by-verse analysis, infused with Coptic Orthodox theological insights and patristic wisdom, we will explore the deeper meaning of this miracle, emphasizing its relevance to our lives today and the ongoing need for spiritual enlightenment. This narrative underscores the importance of recognizing Christ as the light of the world, offering us healing and sight, both physical and spiritual. True healing comes from acknowledging our need for divine intervention and embracing the liberating truth of Christ.

    This is the story of a man born blind, healed by Jesus, and his subsequent journey from physical sight to spiritual insight. It’s a story that teaches us about the nature of sin, the power of God, and the importance of faith. We will explore the profound spiritual implications of **From Blindness to Sight: Unveiling the Miracle of Spiritual Healing in John 9**, connecting it to Coptic Orthodox theology and its practical application in our modern lives.

    📖 John 9:1-7 – The Divine Opportunity in Affliction

    (John 9:1 KJV) And as Jesus passed by, he saw a man which was blind from his birth.

    (John 9:1 NKJV) Now as Jesus passed by, He saw a man who was blind from birth.

    The passage begins with a stark image: a man born blind, sitting, begging, and completely dependent. This highlights the profound brokenness of the human condition. The disciples, steeped in the Rabbinic understanding of cause and effect, immediately ask, “Master, who did sin, this man, or his parents, that he was born blind?” This question reflects the prevailing belief that suffering was a direct consequence of sin. But Jesus’ response challenges this simplistic view.

    Jesus’s reply, “Neither hath this man sinned, nor his parents: but that the works of God should be made manifest in him,” is revolutionary. He reframes suffering not as punishment, but as an opportunity for God’s glory to be revealed. This resonates with the Coptic Orthodox understanding of suffering as a path towards spiritual refinement and a means by which God’s grace can shine through. St. Athanasius, in *De Incarnatione*, writes: “Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ἐνανθρώπησεν, ἵνα τὸν θάνατον καταργήσῃ καὶ τὴν φθορὰν ἀποδιώξῃ.” (“For this reason also He became man, that He might abolish death and drive away corruption.”) – (*Athanasius, De Incarnatione, 4*). This underlines the overarching purpose of Christ’s incarnation—to overcome the consequences of sin and death, and reveal God’s glory in the process, even through suffering.

    • Spiritual Application: Recognize that suffering, though painful, can be a catalyst for spiritual growth and an opportunity for God’s power to be displayed in our lives. Seek God’s purpose in your trials.
    • Practical Action: Instead of immediately attributing misfortune to punishment, ask God to reveal His purpose and use your experiences to glorify Him. Consider seeking a spiritual mentor to guide you during challenging times.

    (John 9:6 KJV) When he had thus spoken, he spat on the ground, and made clay of the spittle, and he anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay,

    (John 9:6 NKJV) When He had said these things, He spat on the ground and made clay with the saliva; and He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay.

    Jesus’s method of healing – spitting on the ground, making clay, and anointing the man’s eyes – seems strange to our modern sensibilities. However, in the ancient world, saliva was sometimes considered to have medicinal properties. More importantly, the act itself is deeply symbolic. The clay, made from the dust of the earth (reminiscent of creation itself), represents the tangible, physical world. By applying it to the man’s eyes, Jesus is initiating a re-creation, a restoration of sight where there was none. This action defies human logic and highlights the divine power at work.

    • Spiritual Application: God often works in ways we don’t understand. Trust in His methods, even when they seem unconventional. Seek His guidance through prayer and discernment.
    • Practical Action: Develop a habit of surrendering your understanding to God’s wisdom. Remember, He sees the bigger picture, and His ways are often higher than our own. Embrace the mysteries of faith and trust in His divine plan. Consider joining a prayer group for mutual support and guidance.

    (John 9:7 KJV) And said unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, (which is by interpretation, Sent.) He went his way therefore, and washed, and came seeing.

    (John 9:7 NKJV) And He said to him, “Go, wash in the pool of Siloam” (which means Sent). So he went and washed, and came back seeing.

    Jesus commands the man to wash in the Pool of Siloam, which John explicitly states means “Sent.” This detail is not accidental. The Pool of Siloam was a vital source of water for Jerusalem, fed by a tunnel that brought water from the Gihon Spring outside the city walls. It was a place of purification and cleansing. The act of going to Siloam represents obedience and faith. The man trusts Jesus and follows His instructions without question. The name “Sent” connects Jesus, who is also “Sent” by the Father, with the healing process. The healing is not merely physical; it’s a spiritual sending, a calling into a new life.

    The Coptic Orthodox Church places great emphasis on obedience as a cornerstone of spiritual growth. Abba Isaac, in *Ascetic Discourses*, writes: “Ἡ ὑπακοὴ μητέρα ἐστὶ τῆς ζωῆς.” (“Obedience is the mother of life.”) – (*Abba Isaac, Ascetic Discourses*). This reinforces the idea that obedience to God’s commands, even when they seem difficult or illogical, is essential for receiving His blessings and experiencing spiritual transformation. Just as the blind man’s obedience led to his physical sight, our obedience leads to spiritual enlightenment and a deeper relationship with God. And if you are looking for a domain name registration, remember to always be obedient to the best practices!

    • Spiritual Application: Obedience to God’s commands is essential for spiritual growth and receiving His blessings. Trust that He knows what is best for you, even when His ways seem unclear.
    • Practical Action: Identify an area in your life where you struggle with obedience to God’s will. Pray for strength and guidance, and commit to following His direction, even when it is challenging. Start with small acts of obedience and gradually work towards more significant changes.

    💡 John 9:8-12 – The Testimony of the Healed Man and the Skepticism of Neighbors

    The neighbors of the man born blind are astonished. They question whether he is indeed the same person. This disbelief reveals a deeper issue: their inability to accept the miraculous. The man simply states, “I am he,” and recounts how Jesus healed him. This straightforward testimony is a powerful witness to the transformative power of Christ.

    Their questions, “How were your eyes opened?” and “Where is He?” highlight their focus on the mechanics of the miracle rather than the miracle itself. They are more interested in discrediting the event than celebrating the man’s newfound sight. This is a common human tendency – to dissect and analyze rather than to accept and believe.

    • Spiritual Application: Be prepared for skepticism and disbelief when you share your faith. Focus on your personal testimony and the evidence of God’s work in your life.
    • Practical Action: When sharing your faith, be authentic and share your personal experiences. Don’t get bogged down in debates or arguments. Simply share what God has done for you and let the Holy Spirit do the rest.

    📜 John 9:13-34 – The Pharisees’ Investigation and the Man’s Steadfast Faith

    The Pharisees, the religious leaders of the time, are deeply troubled by the healing, particularly because it occurred on the Sabbath. Their primary concern is not the man’s restored sight, but the violation of their interpretation of the Sabbath law. This highlights the dangers of legalism – focusing on the letter of the law while missing the spirit of it.

    The Pharisees question the man extensively, trying to trap him and discredit Jesus. However, the man remains steadfast in his testimony. He boldly declares, “Whether He be a sinner or no, I know not: one thing I know, that, whereas I was blind, now I see.” This simple, unwavering faith is a powerful rebuke to the Pharisees’ intellectual arrogance.

    The conflict escalates, with the Pharisees resorting to insults and accusations. They cast the man out of the synagogue, effectively excommunicating him. This act reveals their true nature – they are more concerned with maintaining their power and authority than with seeking the truth.

    St. Cyril of Alexandria, in his commentary on John, emphasizes the importance of recognizing Christ despite opposition: “Δεῖ γὰρ ἡμᾶς τὸν Χριστὸν γνωρίζειν, κἂν πάντες ἀντιλέγωσι.” (“For we must know Christ, even if all contradict.”) – (*Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on John*). This underscores the necessity of remaining firm in our faith, regardless of the pressure or opposition we face. Like the healed man, we must hold fast to the truth we have experienced and witnessed, even when it is unpopular or challenging.

    • Spiritual Application: Stand firm in your faith, even in the face of opposition and persecution. Prioritize truth and love over rigid adherence to rules and traditions.
    • Practical Action: Cultivate a deep personal relationship with Christ through prayer and Bible study. When faced with challenges to your faith, rely on the Holy Spirit for guidance and strength. Seek support from fellow believers who can encourage and uplift you.

    🕊️ John 9:35-41 – Spiritual Blindness and the Light of Christ

    After being cast out, Jesus finds the man and asks, “Dost thou believe on the Son of God?” The man, still growing in his understanding, asks, “Who is He, Lord, that I might believe on Him?” Jesus reveals Himself as the Son of God, and the man immediately worships Him. This marks the culmination of his journey – from physical sight to spiritual insight and complete faith.

    Jesus then declares, “For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind.” This statement highlights the paradoxical nature of spiritual sight and blindness. Those who are humble and open to truth will receive sight, while those who are arrogant and self-righteous will remain blind. The Pharisees, confident in their knowledge and authority, fail to recognize Jesus as the Messiah and thus remain spiritually blind.

    The final verses underscore the gravity of their sin. Jesus tells them, “If ye were blind, ye should have no sin: but now ye say, We see; therefore your sin remaineth.” Their claim to spiritual sight makes them accountable for rejecting the truth. True healing comes not just from physical restoration, but from acknowledging our need for God and embracing the light of Christ.

    • Spiritual Application: Examine your own heart and ensure that you are not clinging to self-righteousness or pride. Be open to receiving God’s truth and allowing Him to guide you into spiritual sight.
    • Practical Action: Regularly engage in self-reflection and ask God to reveal any areas of spiritual blindness in your life. Cultivate humility and a willingness to learn and grow in your faith. Seek guidance from trusted spiritual mentors who can provide objective perspectives.

    ❓ FAQ

    • Q: Why did Jesus use clay and saliva to heal the man?

      A: The act was symbolic, harkening back to creation where God formed man from the dust. The saliva, while potentially considered medicinal at the time, primarily served to connect the act to Jesus’s divine power. It was a tangible demonstration of God’s creative and restorative ability.

    • Q: What does the Pool of Siloam represent?

      A: The Pool of Siloam, meaning “Sent,” represents obedience and cleansing. Jesus sent the man to wash there, symbolizing both physical and spiritual purification. It also alludes to Jesus himself, the one sent by the Father to bring salvation.

    • Q: How does this story relate to Coptic Orthodox spirituality?

      A: The story underscores the Coptic Orthodox emphasis on humility, obedience, and recognizing Christ as the source of all healing. It highlights the importance of spiritual sight over mere physical sight and the need to remain steadfast in faith despite opposition. This narrative connects to the broader theme of redemption and the transformative power of divine grace central to Coptic theology.

    • Q: What is spiritual blindness, and how can we overcome it?

      A: Spiritual blindness is the inability to recognize and accept the truth of God, often rooted in pride, self-righteousness, and a closed heart. We can overcome it through humility, prayer, seeking God’s guidance, and being open to the Holy Spirit’s leading. Embracing the teachings of the Church and practicing discernment are also key to gaining spiritual insight.

    ✨ Conclusion

    The miracle of the man born blind is far more than a simple act of physical healing; it is a profound illustration of our spiritual condition. **From Blindness to Sight: Unveiling the Miracle of Spiritual Healing in John 9**, reveals how Jesus, the light of the world, offers sight to those who are spiritually blind. The Pharisees, clinging to their rigid interpretations of the law, remained blind despite witnessing the miracle. The healed man, however, progressed from physical healing to a profound spiritual awakening, recognizing Jesus as the Son of God. This chapter challenges us to examine our own hearts, to cast off the shackles of self-righteousness, and to embrace the transformative power of Christ’s love and truth. May we, like the man born blind, have our eyes opened to the radiant glory of God and walk in the light of His presence.

    Tags

    Healing, Miracle, John 9, Blindness, Faith, Siloam, Pharisees, Spiritual Blindness, Coptic Orthodox, Jesus Christ

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    Explore the miracle of John 9: Jesus heals a man born blind. Discover its Coptic Orthodox spiritual meaning, insights, and modern applications. **From Blindness to Sight: Unveiling the Miracle of Spiritual Healing in John 9** now!

  • John 8 – The Woman Caught in Adultery and Jesus as the Light of the World

  • John 7 – Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles and the Division Among the People

    Jesus and the Division: Understanding John 7 and True Faith

    Executive Summary ✨

    John 7 unveils a crucial moment in Jesus’ ministry, showcasing His presence at the Feast of Tabernacles and the subsequent division it caused among the people. This chapter highlights the conflict between belief and unbelief, obedience and disobedience, and the struggle to discern the true Messiah. Jesus’ teachings challenged the established norms and revealed the hypocrisy of the religious leaders, leading to debates and ultimately, attempts on His life. The chapter emphasizes the importance of seeking truth with an open heart, recognizing the divine origin of Jesus’ words and actions, and understanding that genuine faith requires more than mere intellectual assent. Exploring Jesus and the Division among the people reveals the depth of His message and the choice we all face: to accept Him as the Messiah or reject Him, clinging to worldly understanding.

    Introduction: John chapter 7 offers a window into the charged atmosphere surrounding Jesus’ ministry. Attending the Feast of Tabernacles, a time of great celebration and remembrance, He stirred controversy and revealed the spiritual blindness that permeated the hearts of many. This chapter serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of discernment, obedience, and the pursuit of truth in our own spiritual journeys. The lessons within are as relevant today as they were two millennia ago, urging us to examine our own hearts and ensure we are truly following Christ. Do you need a beautiful website to share your faith, consider our website creation services.

    Commentary Sections 📖

    John 7:1-2

    KJV: After these things Jesus walked in Galilee: for he would not walk in Jewry, because the Jews sought to kill him. Now the Jews’ feast of tabernacles was at hand.

    NKJV: After these things Jesus walked in Galilee; for He did not want to walk in Judea, because the Jews sought to kill Him. Now the Jews’ Feast of Tabernacles was at hand.

    Jesus deliberately avoids Judea due to the escalating hostility from the Jewish authorities who sought His demise. The Feast of Tabernacles, a celebration of God’s provision during the Israelites’ wilderness wanderings, is approaching. This sets the stage for a confrontation between Jesus and those who rejected Him.

    Spiritual Application: Like Jesus, we must discern when to withdraw from hostile environments to protect ourselves spiritually and physically. We must be wise as serpents and harmless as doves (Matthew 10:16). The Feast of Tabernacles reminds us to be thankful for God’s provision in our lives and to remember His faithfulness throughout our journey.

    John 7:3-4

    KJV: His brethren therefore said unto him, Depart hence, and go into Judaea, that thy disciples also may see the works that thou doest. For there is no man that doeth any thing in secret, and he himself seeketh to be known openly. If thou do these things, shew thyself to the world.

    NKJV: His brothers therefore said to Him, “Depart from here and go into Judea, that Your disciples also may see the works that You are doing. For no one does anything in secret while he himself seeks to be known openly. If You do these things, show Yourself to the world.”

    Jesus’ brothers, likely driven by a mixture of skepticism and ambition, urge Him to go to Judea to publicly display His miracles. Their suggestion reveals a misunderstanding of Jesus’ mission and a desire for earthly recognition.

    Spiritual Application: Even those closest to us may not fully understand our calling or the path God has laid out for us. We must remain steadfast in our obedience to God, even when facing pressure from others to conform to worldly expectations. Their advice, although seemingly logical, stems from a lack of faith and understanding. We see a similar dynamic in the Old Testament when Joseph’s brothers mocked his dreams.

    John 7:5

    KJV: For neither did his brethren believe in him.

    NKJV: For even His brothers did not believe in Him.

    This verse reveals the profound lack of faith within Jesus’ own family. Their skepticism underscores the challenge Jesus faced in convincing even those closest to Him of His true identity and mission.

    Spiritual Application: Faith is a gift, not a guarantee. It can be especially challenging to share our faith with those who know us best, as they may struggle to see beyond our imperfections. St. Mark recounts the story of the demon-possessed boy, where the father pleads “Lord, I believe; help my unbelief!” (Mark 9:24). This reflects the struggle we all face sometimes.

    John 7:6-9

    KJV: Then Jesus said unto them, My time is not yet come: but your time is alway ready. The world cannot hate you; but me it hateth, because I testify of it, that the works thereof are evil. Go ye up unto this feast: I go not up yet unto this feast; for my time is not yet full come. When he had said these words unto them, he abode still in Galilee.

    NKJV: Then Jesus said to them, “My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready. The world cannot hate you, but it hates Me because I testify of it, that its works are evil. You go up to this feast. I am not yet going up to this feast, for My time has not yet fully come.” When He had said these things to them, He remained in Galilee.

    Jesus explains that His “time” has not yet come, referring to the appointed time for His suffering and glorification. He highlights the contrast between His relationship with the world, which hates Him because He exposes its evil, and His brothers, who are not subject to the same animosity. He delays going to the Feast, emphasizing the divine timing of His actions.

    Spiritual Application: We must trust in God’s timing, even when it differs from our own desires or expectations. The world will inevitably hate those who follow Christ and stand for truth, but we must remain faithful, knowing that our reward is in heaven. As the Apostle Paul said in Galatians 1:10, “For do I now persuade men, or God? or do I seek to please men? for if I yet pleased men, I should not be the servant of Christ.”

    John 7:10-13

    KJV: But when his brethren were gone up, then went he also up unto the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret. Then the Jews sought him at the feast, and said, Where is he? And there was much murmuring among the people concerning him: for some said, He is a good man: others said, Nay; but he deceiveth the people. Howbeit no man spake openly of him for fear of the Jews.

    NKJV: But when His brothers had gone up, then He also went up to the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret. Then the Jews sought Him at the feast, and said, “Where is He?” And there was much complaining among the people concerning Him. Some said, “He is good”; others said, “No, but He deceives the people.” However, no one spoke openly of Him for fear of the Jews.

    After His brothers leave, Jesus goes to the Feast, but discreetly. The people are divided, some believing He is good, others accusing Him of deception. Fear of the Jewish authorities prevents open discussion about Him.

    Spiritual Application: Fear can be a powerful obstacle to speaking the truth. We must pray for courage to stand up for our faith, even in the face of opposition. The division among the people reflects the ongoing struggle between truth and falsehood, and the importance of seeking discernment from the Holy Spirit. We can draw inspiration from the Book of Daniel where Daniel and his companions refused to bow down to idols.

    John 7:14-15

    KJV: Now about the midst of the feast Jesus went up into the temple, and taught. And the Jews marvelled, saying, How knoweth this man letters, having never learned?

    NKJV: Now about the middle of the feast Jesus went up into the temple and taught. And the Jews marveled, saying, “How does this Man know letters, having never been taught?”

    Midway through the Feast, Jesus enters the temple and begins teaching. The Jewish leaders are astonished by His wisdom and knowledge, questioning how He could possess such understanding without formal education. This highlights the divine source of Jesus’ teachings.

    Spiritual Application: True wisdom comes from God, not from human learning alone. We should seek to learn from both secular and spiritual sources, but always prioritize God’s Word and guidance. Let’s remember that even the greatest intellects pale in comparison to Divine wisdom.

    John 7:16-18

    KJV: Jesus answered them, and said, My doctrine is not mine, but his that sent me. If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself. He that speaketh of himself seeketh his own glory: but he that seeketh his glory that sent him, the same is true, and no unrighteousness is in him.

    NKJV: Jesus answered them and said, “My doctrine is not Mine, but His who sent Me. If anyone wills to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or whether I speak on My own authority. He who speaks from himself seeks his own glory; but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him is true, and no unrighteousness is in Him.

    Jesus declares that His teaching comes from God, not from Himself. He states that those who desire to do God’s will will recognize the divine origin of His doctrine. He contrasts seeking personal glory with seeking the glory of the Father, emphasizing His own truthfulness and righteousness.

    Spiritual Application: Obedience is key to understanding God’s truth. We must be willing to submit our will to His and to seek His guidance in all things. True teachers seek to glorify God, not themselves, and their teachings are consistent with His Word. The Holy Fathers emphasize humility as the cornerstone of spiritual growth – “ἡ ταπεινοφροσύνη ἐστὶν ἡ θεμέλιος πάσης ἀρετῆς” (humility is the foundation of every virtue), (Saint Anthony the Great).

    John 7:19-24

    KJV: Did not Moses give you the law, and yet none of you keepeth the law? Why go ye about to kill me? The people answered and said, Thou hast a devil: who goeth about to kill thee? Jesus answered and said unto them, I have done one work, and ye all marvel. Moses therefore gave unto you circumcision; (not because it is of Moses, but of the fathers;) and ye on the sabbath day circumcise a man. If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the sabbath day? Judge not according to the appearance, but judge righteous judgment.

    NKJV: Did not Moses give you the law, and yet none of you keeps the law? Why do you seek to kill Me?” The people answered and said, “You have a demon. Who is seeking to kill You?” Jesus answered and said to them, “I did one work, and you all marvel. Moses therefore gave you circumcision (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and you circumcise a man on the Sabbath. If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I have made a man completely well on the Sabbath? Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment.”

    Jesus accuses the people of not keeping the Law of Moses, despite their adherence to it. He points out their hypocrisy in seeking to kill Him for healing on the Sabbath, while they circumcise on the Sabbath to uphold the Law. He urges them to judge with righteous judgment, not according to appearances.

    Spiritual Application: Hypocrisy is a grave sin. We must examine our own hearts and ensure that our actions align with our words. True obedience to God requires mercy and compassion, not rigid adherence to legalistic rules. Justice and mercy must walk together. We should always seek to discern the spirit of the law, rather than just its literal interpretation. This is often a key tenet in the teachings of St. Cyril of Alexandria.

    John 7:25-31

    KJV: Then said some of them of Jerusalem, Is not this he, whom they seek to kill? But, lo, he speaketh boldly, and they say nothing unto him. Do the rulers know indeed that this is the very Christ? Howbeit we know this man whence he is: but when Christ cometh, no man knoweth whence he is. Then cried Jesus in the temple as he taught, saying, Ye both know me, and ye know whence I am: and I am not come of myself, but he that sent me is true, whom ye know not. But I know him: for I am from him, and he hath sent me. Then they sought to take him: but no man laid hands on him, because his hour was not yet come. And many of the people believed on him, and said, When Christ cometh, will he do more miracles than these which this man hath done?

    NKJV: Then some of them from Jerusalem said, “Is this not He whom they seek to kill? But look! He speaks boldly, and they say nothing to Him. Do the rulers know indeed that this is the Christ? However, we know where this Man is from; but when the Christ comes, no one knows where He is from.” Then Jesus cried out in the temple, as He taught, saying, “You both know Me and you know where I am from; and I have not come of Myself, but He who sent Me is true, whom you do not know. But I know Him, for I am from Him, and He sent Me.” Therefore they sought to take Him; but no one laid a hand on Him, because His hour had not yet come. And many of the people believed in Him, and said, “When the Christ comes, will He do more signs than these which this Man has done?”

    The people of Jerusalem recognize that Jesus is the one the authorities seek to kill, yet He speaks openly. Some wonder if the rulers secretly believe He is the Christ. They object that they know His origins, while the Messiah’s origins are unknown. Jesus declares that He is sent by God, whom they do not know. They attempt to arrest Him, but are unable, as His time has not yet come. Many believe in Him, questioning if the Messiah will perform more miracles.

    Spiritual Application: Jesus’ bold proclamation of His divine origin challenges the limited understanding of the people. True knowledge of Christ comes through revelation from God, not through human understanding alone. God’s timing is perfect, and no one can thwart His plans. Miracles can lead to belief, but true faith requires a deeper understanding of Christ’s identity and mission.

    John 7:32-36

    KJV: The Pharisees heard that the people murmured such things concerning him; and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to take him. Then said Jesus unto them, Yet a little while am I with you, and then I go unto him that sent me. Ye shall seek me, and shall not find me: and where I am, thither ye cannot come. Then said the Jews among themselves, Whither will he go, that we shall not find him? will he go unto the dispersed among the Gentiles, and teach the Gentiles? What manner of saying is this that he said, Ye shall seek me, and shall not find me: and where I am, thither ye cannot come?

    NKJV: The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring these things concerning Him, and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to take Him. Then Jesus said to them, “I shall be with you a little while longer, and then I go to Him who sent Me. You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come.” Then the Jews said among themselves, “Where does He intend to go that we shall not find Him? Does He intend to go to the Dispersion among the Gentiles and teach the Gentiles? What is this saying that He said, ‘You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come’?”

    The Pharisees, alarmed by the people’s murmuring, send officers to arrest Jesus. Jesus warns them that He will soon leave them and return to the Father. He states that they will seek Him but not find Him, and they will be unable to go where He goes. The Jews misunderstand His words, speculating that He might go to the Dispersion among the Gentiles.

    Spiritual Application: Jesus foreshadows His ascension and the consequences of rejecting Him. Those who reject Christ in this life will not be able to join Him in eternity. We must seize the opportunity to seek Him now, while He is still within reach. This passage underscores the seriousness of our choices and the eternal consequences of our faith. The concept of separation from God is a recurring theme in both Old and New Testaments.

    John 7:37-39

    KJV: In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink. He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. (But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive: for the Holy Ghost was not yet given; because that Jesus was not yet glorified.)

    NKJV: On the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink. He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.” But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.

    On the last and most important day of the Feast, Jesus proclaims that those who thirst should come to Him and drink. He promises that those who believe in Him will have rivers of living water flowing from within them, referring to the Holy Spirit, who would be given after His glorification.

    Spiritual Application: Jesus offers Himself as the source of true satisfaction and spiritual fulfillment. The Holy Spirit is the “living water” that quenches our spiritual thirst and empowers us to live a life of faith. This passage is deeply connected to the Old Testament imagery of water as a symbol of life and purification. We should constantly seek the infilling of the Holy Spirit, recognizing that He is essential for our spiritual growth and effectiveness.

    John 7:40-44

    KJV: Many of the people therefore, when they heard this saying, said, Of a truth this is the Prophet. Others said, This is the Christ. But some said, Shall Christ come out of Galilee? Hath not the scripture said, That Christ cometh of the seed of David, and out of the town of Bethlehem, where David was? So there was a division among the people because of him. And some of them would have taken him; but no man laid hands on him.

    NKJV: Therefore many from the crowd, when they heard this saying, said, “This is truly the Prophet.” Others said, “This is the Christ.” But some said, “Will the Christ come out of Galilee? Has not the Scripture said that the Christ comes from the seed of David and from the town of Bethlehem, where David was?” So there was a division among the people because of Him. Now some of them wanted to take Him, but no one laid hands on Him.

    The people respond differently to Jesus’ words. Some believe He is the Prophet, others that He is the Christ. Some object that He is from Galilee, while the Messiah is to be born in Bethlehem, of the lineage of David. Division arises among the people. Some want to arrest Him, but no one does.

    Spiritual Application: Varying opinions about Christ are inevitable. People will interpret Scripture differently and have different perspectives. We must approach these differences with humility and a willingness to learn from one another. However, we must also hold fast to the truth revealed in Scripture and the teachings of the Church, trusting in the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

    John 7:45-52

    KJV: Then came the officers to the chief priests and Pharisees; and they said unto them, Why have ye not brought him? The officers answered, Never man spake like this man. Then answered them the Pharisees, Are ye also deceived? Have any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed on him? But this people who knoweth not the law are cursed. Nicodemus saith unto them, (he that came to Jesus by night, being one of them,) Doth our law judge any man, before it hear him, and know what he doeth? They answered and said unto him, Art thou also of Galilee? Search, and look: for out of Galilee ariseth no prophet.

    NKJV: Then the officers came to the chief priests and Pharisees, who said to them, “Why have you not brought Him?” The officers answered, “No man ever spoke like this Man!” Then the Pharisees answered them, “Are you also deceived? Have any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in Him? But this crowd that does not know the law is accursed.” Nicodemus (he who came to Jesus by night, being one of them) said to them, “Does our law judge a man before it hears him and knows what he is doing?” They answered and said to him, “Are you also from Galilee? Search and look, for no prophet has arisen out of Galilee.”

    The officers return to the Pharisees and chief priests without arresting Jesus, explaining that no one has ever spoken like Him. The Pharisees accuse them of being deceived, pointing out that none of the rulers or Pharisees believe in Him. They dismiss the crowd as ignorant of the law and cursed. Nicodemus defends Jesus, arguing that the law requires a fair hearing. The Pharisees mock Nicodemus, suggesting he is also from Galilee, and assert that no prophet comes from Galilee.

    Spiritual Application: The Pharisees represent religious pride and intellectual arrogance. They are unwilling to consider the possibility that Jesus might be the Messiah because He does not fit their preconceived notions. We must be wary of intellectual pride and always remain open to the possibility that God may work in unexpected ways. Nicodemus’s courage in defending Jesus, even in the face of opposition, is an example for us to follow. Nicodemus, who once came to Jesus by night, starts to show a public sign of defending Him.

    John 7:53

    KJV: And every man went unto his own house.

    NKJV: And everyone went to his own house.

    This verse marks the end of the encounter, with everyone returning to their homes. It underscores the unresolved tension and the ongoing division among the people concerning Jesus.

    Spiritual Application: The division caused by Jesus continues even after the Feast concludes. Each person must ultimately decide for themselves whether to accept or reject Him. This verse serves as a reminder that the choice is ours, and we will be held accountable for our decision. The day we stand before God we will be asked: What have you done with my Son?

    Subtopic Sections💡

    The concept of “time” is crucial to understanding this chapter. Jesus refers to His “time” not yet having come several times. This speaks to the divine plan and the predestined nature of His mission.

    • Divine Timing: God’s timing is perfect. We must learn to trust in His timing, even when it differs from our own expectations.
    • Patience: Jesus’ patience in waiting for the right moment is an example for us to follow.
    • Preparation: Jesus used the time before his “hour” to prepare his disciples and teach the truth.
    • Eternal Perspective: The “time” Jesus refers to is not merely a chronological event, but part of God’s eternal plan.
    • Active Waiting: Waiting on God does not mean being passive. We should be actively seeking His will and preparing ourselves for His purposes.

    The theme of “division” is also prominent in this chapter, showcasing that choosing between belief and unbelief is a deeply personal decision.

    • Internal Conflict: The division within individuals reflects the struggle between their old nature and their new nature in Christ.
    • Social Division: Jesus’ presence and teachings inevitably cause division within families, communities, and even nations.
    • Spiritual Warfare: The division between believers and unbelievers reflects the ongoing spiritual warfare between good and evil.
    • Personal Choice: Each individual must choose whether to accept or reject Christ.
    • Uncomfortable Truth: It’s a clear fact that following Christ doesn’t avoid conflict; rather, sometimes it’s increased.

    FAQ ❓

    Q: Why did Jesus delay going to the Feast of Tabernacles?

    A: Jesus delayed going to the Feast because His “time” had not yet come, referring to the appointed time for His suffering and glorification. He also sought to avoid unnecessary conflict with the Jewish authorities who sought to kill Him.

    Q: What is the significance of the “living water” that Jesus speaks of?

    A: The “living water” refers to the Holy Spirit, who is given to those who believe in Jesus. The Holy Spirit quenches our spiritual thirst, empowers us to live a life of faith, and enables us to bear fruit for God’s glory. This is a fulfillment of the prophecies in the Old Testament.

    Q: Why were the Pharisees so opposed to Jesus?

    A: The Pharisees were opposed to Jesus because He challenged their authority, exposed their hypocrisy, and threatened their position within Jewish society. They were unwilling to consider the possibility that He might be the Messiah because He did not fit their preconceived notions.

    Q: How can we apply the lessons of John 7 to our lives today?

    A: We can apply the lessons of John 7 by seeking truth with an open heart, obeying God’s will, discerning between good and evil, standing up for our faith, and trusting in God’s timing. We must also be wary of intellectual pride and remain open to the possibility that God may work in unexpected ways.

    Conclusion ✨

    John 7 presents a powerful portrait of Jesus and the Division He caused among the people. This division stemmed from a clash between belief and unbelief, truth and falsehood, and the acceptance or rejection of Jesus as the Messiah. The chapter reminds us that true faith requires more than mere intellectual assent; it demands obedience, humility, and a willingness to seek God’s will. We must strive to discern the divine origin of Jesus’ words and actions, recognizing that He is the source of true satisfaction and spiritual fulfillment. Let us, therefore, examine our own hearts and ensure that we are truly following Christ, allowing the Holy Spirit to guide us into all truth and empower us to live a life that glorifies God. Today, just as in the days of Jesus, choosing to follow him means recognizing the division and making a conscious choice to stand with Him.

    Tags

    Jesus, John 7, Feast of Tabernacles, Division, Belief, Unbelief, Holy Spirit, Pharisees, Nicodemus, Living Water

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  • John 6 – The Feeding of the 5,000 and the Bread of Life Discourse

    The Bread of Life: A Coptic Orthodox Commentary on John 6

    Executive Summary ✨

    John 6, a pivotal chapter in the Gospel, unveils the miracle of the Feeding of the Five Thousand, a powerful demonstration of Christ’s divine power and compassion. More significantly, it leads into the profound “Bread of Life Discourse,” where Jesus declares Himself to be the living bread that came down from heaven, offering eternal life to those who partake of Him. This chapter lays the foundation for understanding the Holy Eucharist, the central sacrament of the Coptic Orthodox Church. The chapter delves into the spiritual hunger of humanity and Christ’s fulfillment of that need through His sacrifice and continued presence in the Holy Mysteries. We’ll explore the rich theological depth, drawing from the Holy Scripture, the teachings of the Church Fathers, and the enduring relevance of this chapter for our daily lives. We provide web hosting insights for church groups.

    This commentary will unpack the layers of meaning within John 6, connecting it to Old Testament foreshadowings, Patristic interpretations, and the core tenets of the Coptic Orthodox faith. Understanding Jesus as the Bread of Life is crucial to comprehending the purpose of the Incarnation and the means by which we receive salvation. Prepare to delve into the depths of this transformative chapter and discover its eternal significance.

    Introduction 📖

    The sixth chapter of John’s Gospel marks a turning point. It transitions from demonstrating Jesus’ miracles to expounding on their deeper, spiritual significance. The Feeding of the Five Thousand isn’t merely a display of power, but a sign pointing to the spiritual nourishment Christ provides. The subsequent discourse reveals Jesus as the ultimate source of life, offering not temporary satisfaction like earthly food, but eternal life through communion with Him. Let’s explore how the Church Fathers understood and taught this essential truth, and how we can apply it to our own spiritual journey.

    Commentary: Verse by Verse

    John 6:1-4 – The Setting

    μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης τῆς Γαλιλαίας τῆς Τιβεριάδος. καὶ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολύς, ὅτι ἐθεώρουν τὰ σημεῖα αὐτοῦ ἃ ἐποίει ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσθενούντων. ἀνῆλθεν δὲ εἰς τὸ ὄρος Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐκάθητο μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ. ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς τὸ πάσχα, ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. (John 6:1-4, Greek)

    “After these things Jesus went over the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias. Then a great multitude followed Him, because they saw His signs which He performed on those who were diseased. And Jesus went up on the mountain, and there He sat with His disciples. Now the Passover, a feast of the Jews, was near.” (NKJV)

    The Sea of Galilee, also known as the Sea of Tiberias, provided a familiar backdrop for Jesus’ ministry. The presence of a large crowd, drawn by His miracles, sets the stage for the upcoming event. Crucially, John notes the proximity of Passover, hinting at the sacrificial Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. This sets the context for the discourse on the Bread of Life, intrinsically linked to the Paschal meal and its symbolism. Remember that geographical location, such as a mountain, symbolized holiness. It was a place to meet God, just as Moses did on Mount Sinai.

    Spiritual Application: Are we drawn to Christ for the right reasons? Do we seek Him for mere physical healing or for the deeper, spiritual nourishment He offers? Let our motivation be a genuine desire for communion with Him, the source of eternal life.

    John 6:5-13 – The Feeding of the 5,000

    ὅτε οὖν ἐπῆρεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ θεάσασθαι ὅτι πολὺς ὄχλος ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτόν, λέγει πρὸς τὸν Φίλιππον· πόθεν ἀγοράσομεν ἄρτους ἵνα φάγωσιν οὗτοι; τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν πειράζων αὐτόν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἔμελλεν ποιεῖν. ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ Φίλιππος· διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτοι οὐκ ἀρκοῦσιν αὐτοῖς ἵνα ἕκαστος βραχύ τι λάβῃ. λέγει αὐτῷ εἷς ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, Ἀνδρέας ὁ ἀδελφὸς Σίμωνος Πέτρου· ἔστιν παιδάριον ἓν ὧδε ὃς ἔχει πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους καὶ δύο ὀψάρια· ἀλλὰ ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους; εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ποιήσατε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀναπεσεῖν. ἦν δὲ χόρτος πολὺς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ. ἀνέπεσαν οὖν οἱ ἄνδρες τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὡς πεντακισχίλιοι. ἔλαβεν δὲ τοὺς ἄρτους ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εὐχαριστήσας διέδωκεν τοῖς ἀνακειμένοις, ὁμοίως καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὀψαρίων ὅσον ἤθελον. ὡς δὲ ἐνεπλήσθησαν, λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· συναγάγετε τὰ περισσεύσαντα κλάσματα, ἵνα μή τι ἀπόληται. συνήγαγον οὖν καὶ ἐγέμισαν δώδεκα κοφίνους κλασμάτων ἐκ τῶν πέντε ἄρτων τῶν κριθίνων ἃ ἐπερίσσευσαν τοῖς βεβρωκόσιν. (John 6:5-13, Greek)

    “Then Jesus lifted up His eyes, and seeing a great multitude coming toward Him, He said to Philip, “Where shall we buy bread, that these may eat?” But this He said to test him, for He Himself knew what He would do. Philip answered Him, “Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one of them may have a little.” One of His disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said to Him, “There is a lad here who has five barley loaves and two small fish, but what are they among so many?” Then Jesus said, “Make the people sit down.” Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, in number about five thousand. And Jesus took the loaves, and when He had given thanks He distributed them to the disciples, and the disciples to those sitting down; and likewise of the fish, as much as they wanted. So when they were filled, He said to His disciples, “Gather up the fragments that remain, so that nothing is lost.” Therefore they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets with the fragments of the five barley loaves which were left over by those who had eaten.” (NKJV)

    This miracle serves as a powerful symbol of the Eucharist. Notice Jesus’ deliberate actions: He takes the bread, gives thanks (εὐχαριστήσας, *eucharistesas*), and distributes it. This mirrors the institution of the Eucharist at the Last Supper. The abundance of leftovers highlights the inexhaustible nature of God’s grace. It also foreshadows the manna from heaven in the Old Testament. Consider also that five loaves are a representation of the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Old Testament. Twelve baskets are representative of the twelve apostles. It is a reminder that Christ is the new covenant, and supersedes the old.

    St. Cyril of Alexandria writes: “He multiplied the loaves, not to provide a luxurious feast, but to demonstrate his power and to foreshadow the spiritual food, which is himself.” (Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on John, Book IV)

    Spiritual Application: We often feel inadequate, like the boy with the five loaves and two fish. But when we offer what we have to Christ, no matter how small, He can transform it and use it to bless others. This highlights the importance of humility and selfless service.

    John 6:14-15 – The People’s Reaction and Jesus’ Withdrawal

    ἐκεῖνοι οὖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἰδόντες ὃ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον ἔλεγον ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ προφήτης ὁ ἐρχόμενος εἰς τὸν κόσμον. Ἰησοῦς οὖν γνοὺς ὅτι μέλλουσιν ἔρχεσθαι καὶ ἁρπάζειν αὐτὸν ἵνα ποιήσωσιν βασιλέα, ἀνεχώρησεν πάλιν εἰς τὸ ὄρος αὐτὸς μόνος. (John 6:14-15, Greek)

    “Then those men, when they had seen the sign that Jesus did, said, “This is truly the Prophet who is to come into the world.” Therefore when Jesus perceived that they were about to come and take Him by force to make Him king, He departed again to the mountain by Himself alone.” (NKJV)

    The people recognized Jesus as the Prophet, likely referring to Deuteronomy 18:15. However, their understanding of His Messiahship was limited to earthly, political terms. They sought a king who would provide them with physical sustenance. Jesus, knowing their misconstrued intentions, withdraws to the mountain. His kingdom is not of this world (John 18:36). This is a reminder of the importance of truly understanding the mission of Christ.

    Spiritual Application: Are we tempted to use Christ for our own earthly desires? Do we seek Him for political or material gain? Jesus calls us to a higher purpose – to seek His kingdom and His righteousness above all else (Matthew 6:33).

    John 6:16-21 – Jesus Walks on Water

    This section, while not directly related to the Bread of Life discourse, reinforces Jesus’ divine power and dominion over creation. It serves as another sign pointing to His true identity.

    John 6:22-29 – Seeking Jesus

    τῇ ἐπαύριον ὁ ὄχλος ὁ ἑστηκὼς πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἶδον ὅτι πλοιάριον ἄλλο οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖ εἰ μὴ ἓν καὶ ὅτι οὐ συνεισῆλθεν τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸ πλοῖον ἀλλὰ μόνοι οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθον. ἄλλα δὲ ἦλθεν πλοιάρια ἐκ Τιβεριάδος ἐγγὺς τοῦ τόπου ὅπου ἔφαγον τὸν ἄρτον εὐχαριστήσαντος τοῦ κυρίου. ὅτε οὖν εἶδεν ὁ ὄχλος ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκεῖ οὐδὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, ἐνέβησαν αὐτοὶ εἰς τὰ πλοιάρια καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ ζητοῦντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν. καὶ εὑρόντες αὐτὸν πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἶπον αὐτῷ· ραββί, πότε ὧδε γέγονας; ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ζητεῖτέ με οὐχ ὅτι εἴδετε σημεῖα ἀλλ’ ὅτι ἐφάγετε ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων καὶ ἐχορτάσθητε. ἐργάζεσθε μὴ τὴν βρῶσιν τὴν ἀπολλυμένην ἀλλὰ τὴν βρῶσιν τὴν μένουσαν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ἣν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου δώσει ὑμῖν· τοῦτον γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ἐσφράγισεν ὁ θεός. εἶπον οὖν πρὸς αὐτόν· τί ποιήσωμεν ἵνα ἐργαζώμεθα τὰ ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ; ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα πιστεύσητε εἰς ὃν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος. (John 6:22-29, Greek)

    “The following day, when the people who were standing on the other side of the sea saw that there was no other boat there, except that one which His disciples had entered, and that Jesus had not entered the boat with His disciples, but His disciples had gone away alone— however, other boats came from Tiberias near the place where they ate bread after the Lord had given thanks— when the people therefore saw that Jesus was not there, nor His disciples, they also got into boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus. And when they found Him on the other side of the sea, they said to Him, “Rabbi, when did You come here?” Jesus answered them and said, “Most assuredly, I say to you, you seek Me, not because you saw the signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled. Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him.” Then they said to Him, “What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?” Jesus answered and said to them, “This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He sent.”” (NKJV)

    Jesus challenges the crowd’s motives. They sought Him out of physical hunger, not spiritual understanding. He urges them to labor for “the food which endures to everlasting life.” This is a crucial transition to the Bread of Life discourse. He emphasizes that true “work” is believing in Him whom the Father has sent. The desire for lasting satisfaction is a normal one, but we must seek the one who fulfills our desires.

    Spiritual Application: Examine your motives. Why do you seek God? Is it for temporary relief or for eternal life? Jesus calls us to a faith that goes beyond physical needs and embraces the spiritual reality of His kingdom.

    John 6:30-40 – Jesus, the Bread from Heaven

    εἶπον οὖν αὐτῷ· τί οὖν ποιεῖς σὺ σημεῖον ἵνα ἴδωμεν καὶ πιστεύσωμέν σοι; τί ἐργάζῃ; οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν τὸ μάννα ἔφαγον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καθὼς ἐστιν γεγραμμένον· ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν. εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ Μωϋσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἀλλ’ ὁ πατήρ μου δίδωσιν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν ἀληθινόν· ὁ γὰρ ἄρτος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν ὁ καταβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ζωὴν διδοὺς τῷ κόσμῳ. εἶπον οὖν πρὸς αὐτόν· κύριε, πάντοτε δὸς ἡμῖν τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον. εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς· ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρός με οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ διψήσῃ πώποτε. ἀλλ’ εἶπον ὑμῖν ὅτι καὶ ἑωράκατέ με καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε. πᾶν ὃ δίδωσί μοι ὁ πατὴρ πρὸς ἐμὲ ἥξει, καὶ τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρός με οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω ἔξω· ὅτι καταβέβηκα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ οὐχ ἵνα ποιῶ τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμόν ἀλλὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με. τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, ἵνα πᾶν ὃ δέδωκέν μοι μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἀλλὰ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸ ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός μου, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ θεωρῶν τὸν υἱὸν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον, καὶ ἀναστήσω ἐγὼ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. (John 6:30-40, Greek)

    “Therefore they said to Him, “What sign will You perform then, that we may see it and believe You? What work will You do? Our fathers ate the manna in the desert; as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’ ” Then Jesus said to them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” Then they said to Him, “Lord, give us this bread always.” And Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life. He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst. But I said to you that you have seen Me and yet do not believe. All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out. For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me. This is the will of the Father who sent Me, that of all He has given Me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day. And this is the will of My Father, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day.”” (NKJV)

    This is the heart of the chapter. Jesus declares, “I am the bread of life.” He contrasts the manna in the wilderness, which sustained physical life temporarily, with Himself, the true bread that offers eternal life. This is a bold claim of divinity. Belief in Him is the key to receiving this life. His statement that He has come to do the will of the Father highlights the obedience within the Holy Trinity.

    St. Athanasius writes, “He is the bread, because he nourishes our souls with his divine life, bringing us to eternal salvation.” (Athanasius, Against the Arians, Discourse III)

    Spiritual Application: Jesus is not merely a historical figure, but the living bread that sustains us today. How often do we partake of Him in prayer, Scripture, and the Eucharist? Are we truly allowing Him to nourish our souls?

    John 6:41-51 – Murmuring and the Living Bread

    ἐγόγγυζον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι περὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι εἶπεν· ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ καταβὰς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. καὶ ἔλεγον· οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωσὴφ οὗ ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα; πῶς νῦν λέγει ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα; ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· μὴ γογγύζετε μετ’ ἀλλήλων. οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με ἐὰν μὴ ὁ πατὴρ ὁ πέμψας με ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν, καὶ ἐγὼ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις· καὶ ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοὶ θεοῦ. πᾶς ὁ ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ μαθὼν ἔρχεται πρός με. οὐχ ὅτι τὸν πατέρα τις ἑώρακεν εἰ μὴ ὁ ὢν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗτος ἑώρακεν τὸν πατέρα. ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον. ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς. οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν ἔφαγον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τὸ μάννα καὶ ἀπέθανον· οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνων ἵνα τις ἐξ αὐτοῦ φάγῃ καὶ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ. ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς· ἐάν τις φάγῃ ἐκ τούτου τοῦ ἄρτου ζήσει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα· καὶ ὁ ἄρτος δὲ ὃν ἐγὼ δώσω ἡ σάρξ μου ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς. (John 6:41-51, Greek)

    “The Jews then complained about Him, because He said, “I am the bread which came down from heaven.” And they said, “Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How is it then that He says, ‘I have come down from heaven’?” Jesus therefore answered and said to them, “Do not murmur among yourselves. No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day. It is written in the prophets, ‘And they shall all be taught by God.’ Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to Me. Not that anyone has seen the Father, except He who is from God; He has seen the Father. Most assuredly, I say to you, he who believes in Me has everlasting life. I am the bread of life. Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and are dead. This is the bread which comes down from heaven, that one may eat of it and not die. I am the living bread which came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world.”” (NKJV)

    The Jews stumble over Jesus’ claim to be from heaven, knowing His earthly parentage. Jesus explains that coming to Him is an act of God’s grace, drawing people to Himself. He reiterates that He is the living bread, and now adds a crucial element: “the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world.” This is a direct reference to His sacrifice on the cross and a foreshadowing of the Eucharist. This section also touches upon the complexities of human free will and divine grace.

    Spiritual Application: Do we allow our preconceived notions and earthly understanding to prevent us from accepting Jesus’ divine nature? Are we open to the drawing of the Father, allowing Him to lead us to Christ? The Eucharist is not just a symbol, but truly the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ.

    John 6:52-59 – Eating His Flesh and Drinking His Blood

    ἐμάχοντο οὖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι λέγοντες· πῶς δύναται οὗτος ἡμῖν δοῦναι τὴν σάρκα αὐτοῦ φαγεῖν; εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐὰν μὴ φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα, οὐκ ἔχετε ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς. ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον, καὶ ἐγὼ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ· ἡ γὰρ σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστιν βρῶσις καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστιν πόσις. ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ. καθὼς ἀπέστειλέν με ὁ ζῶν πατὴρ κἀγὼ ζῶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα, καὶ ὁ τρώγων με κἀκεῖνος ζήσει δι’ ἐμέ. οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς, οὐ καθὼς ἔφαγον οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ ἀπέθανον· ὁ τρώγων τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον ζήσει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. ταῦτα εἶπεν ἐν συναγωγῇ διδάσκων ἐν Καφαρναούμ. (John 6:52-59, Greek)

    “The Jews therefore quarreled among themselves, saying, “How can this Man give us His flesh to eat?” Then Jesus said to them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For My flesh is food indeed, and My blood is drink indeed. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him. As the living Father sent Me, and I live because of the Father, so he who feeds on Me will live because of Me. This is the bread which came down from heaven—not as your fathers ate the manna, and are dead. He who eats this bread will live forever.” These things He said in the synagogue as He taught in Capernaum.” (NKJV)

    This is perhaps the most challenging passage in the chapter. Jesus states unequivocally that partaking of His flesh and blood is essential for eternal life. This is not merely symbolic. The Coptic Orthodox Church understands this as a literal and real participation in the Body and Blood of Christ through the Holy Eucharist. It is the source of our communion with Him and with each other. The insistence on the necessity of consuming His flesh and blood is a powerful statement.

    St. Ignatius of Antioch writes: “I have no delight in corruptible food nor in the pleasures of this life. I desire the bread of God, the heavenly bread, the bread of life, which is the flesh of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who became afterwards of the seed of David, and I desire the drink of God, namely his blood, which is incorruptible love and eternal life.” (Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Romans, 7:3)

    Spiritual Application: Do we approach the Eucharist with reverence and faith, understanding it as the true Body and Blood of Christ? Do we prepare our hearts to receive Him, acknowledging our unworthiness and seeking His grace? This sacrament is the cornerstone of our spiritual life.

    John 6:60-71 – Many Turn Away

    πολλοὶ οὖν ἀκούσαντες ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ εἶπον· σκληρός ἐστιν ὁ λόγος οὗτος· τίς δύναται αὐτοῦ ἀκούειν; εἰδὼς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν ἑαυτῷ ὅτι γογγύζουσιν περὶ τούτου οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· τοῦτο ὑμᾶς σκανδαλίζει; ἐὰν οὖν θεωρῆτε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀναβαίνοντα ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον; τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν τὸ ζωοποιοῦν, ἡ σὰρξ οὐκ ὠφελεῖ οὐδέν· τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λελάληκα ὑμῖν πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν. ἀλλ’ εἰσὶν ἐξ ὑμῶν τινες οἳ οὐ πιστεύουσιν. ᾔδει γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ παραδώσων αὐτόν. καὶ ἔλεγεν· διὰ τοῦτο εἴρηκα ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ πατρός μου. ἐκ τούτου πολλοὶ ἀπῆλθον ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκέτι μετ’ αὐτοῦ περιεπάτουν. εἶπεν οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοῖς δώδεκα· μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε ὑπάγειν; ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ Σίμων Πέτρος· κύριε, πρὸς τίνα ἀπελευσόμεθα; ῥήματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου ἔχεις· καὶ ἡμεῖς πεπιστεύκαμεν καὶ ἐγνώκαμεν ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος. ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· οὐκ ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς τοὺς δώδεκα ἐξελεξάμην καὶ ἐξ ὑμῶν εἷς διάβολός ἐστιν; ἔλεγεν δὲ τὸν Ἰούδαν Σίμωνος Ἰσκαριώτην· οὗτος γὰρ ἔμελλεν παραδιδόναι αὐτόν, εἷς ὢν ἐκ τῶν δώδεκα. (John 6:60-71, Greek)

    “Therefore many of His disciples, when they heard this, said, “This is a hard saying; who can understand it?” When Jesus knew in Himself that His disciples complained about this, He said to them, “Does this offend you? What then if you should see the Son of Man ascend where He was before? It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing. The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life. But there are some of you who do not believe.” For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were who did not believe, and who would betray Him. And He said, “Therefore I have said to you that no one can come to Me unless it has been granted to him by My Father.” From that time many of His disciples went back and walked with Him no more. Then Jesus said to the twelve, “Do you also want to go away?” But Simon Peter answered Him, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. Also we have come to believe and know that You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus answered them, “Did I not choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?” He spoke of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, for it was he who would betray Him, being one of the twelve.” (NKJV)

    Many disciples found Jesus’ teaching about eating His flesh and drinking His blood too difficult to accept and abandoned Him. This is a sobering reminder that not all who follow Christ truly understand His message. Peter’s confession of faith is a powerful contrast. He acknowledges that Jesus has the words of eternal life and that He is the Christ, the Son of the living God. Even among the chosen twelve, there was one who would betray Him, highlighting the reality of free will and the potential for apostasy. This section explores the importance of remaining faithful even when the teachings are challenging.

    Spiritual Application: When faced with difficult teachings, do we remain steadfast in our faith, trusting in God’s wisdom, or do we turn away? Peter’s example encourages us to cling to Christ, recognizing that He alone has the words of eternal life.

    Theological Significance of the Bread of Life Discourse 🕊️

    The Bread of Life discourse profoundly shapes our understanding of:

    • The Eucharist: This chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the Holy Eucharist as the true Body and Blood of Christ, not merely a symbolic representation.
    • The Incarnation: The Incarnation makes it possible for Christ to offer His flesh as the bread of life. It bridges the gap between God and humanity, offering us access to divine life.
    • Salvation: Partaking of the Bread of Life is essential for salvation, offering us eternal life and communion with God.
    • Faith: Belief in Jesus as the Son of God and the acceptance of His teachings are essential for receiving the benefits of the Bread of Life.
    • Spiritual Nourishment: Just as physical food sustains our bodies, the Bread of Life sustains our souls, providing us with the strength and grace to live a life pleasing to God.

    FAQ ❓

    Q: Why did so many disciples leave Jesus after this teaching?

    A: The concept of eating Jesus’ flesh and drinking His blood was a radical and shocking idea, particularly for those with a literal mindset. They struggled to grasp the spiritual significance and the reality of the Eucharist. It challenged their preconceived notions of the Messiah.

    Q: How does the Coptic Orthodox Church understand the “eating” of Christ’s flesh and blood?

    A: The Coptic Orthodox Church believes that the bread and wine truly become the Body and Blood of Christ through the mystery of the Holy Spirit during the Divine Liturgy. We partake of Him in a real and tangible way, receiving His divine life and uniting with Him.

    Q: How does this chapter relate to the Old Testament?

    A: The chapter draws a parallel between the manna in the wilderness and Jesus as the Bread of Life. The manna sustained physical life temporarily, while Jesus offers eternal life. Also, the Passover connects to this chapter. It is a foreshadow of Christ’s sacrifice of His body and blood for the salvation of the world.

    Q: What is the practical application of this chapter for my daily life?

    A: Cultivate a deeper understanding and appreciation for the Eucharist, approaching it with

  • John 5 – The Healing at Bethesda and Jesus’ Authority

    The Healing Power of Faith: Unveiling Jesus’ Authority in John 5

    Executive Summary

    John 5, a profound chapter in the Gospel of John, unfolds with Jesus’ miraculous healing of a paralytic at the pool of Bethesda. This act of compassion, however, ignites controversy as it occurs on the Sabbath. The subsequent verses delve into Jesus’ defense of His actions, revealing His divine authority and inseparable unity with the Father. He asserts His power to give life, judge humanity, and ultimately, offer eternal salvation. This chapter is crucial for understanding the nature of Christ’s ministry, His relationship with God, and the implications of faith and disbelief. We will explore the historical context, the theological significance, and the practical applications of John 5, drawing upon the rich tradition of the Coptic Orthodox Church to illuminate its timeless message about the *healing power of faith*.

    The Gospel of John is rich with symbolism and profound theological truths. Today, we delve into John 5, a chapter packed with miracles, controversy, and declarations of divine authority. We will explore the pool of Bethesda, the Sabbath debate, and Jesus’ powerful claims about His relationship with the Father, understanding how these events resonate with our faith today.

    Commentary on John 5

    John 5:1-4 – The Pool of Bethesda

    John 5:1-4 (KJV): After this there was a feast of the Jews; and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. Now there is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool, which is called in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda, having five porches. In these lay a great multitude of impotent folk, of blind, halt, withered, waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water: whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in was made whole of whatsoever disease he had.

    The chapter opens with Jesus visiting Jerusalem during a Jewish feast. The location is significant: the pool of Bethesda, near the Sheep Gate. Archaeological evidence suggests that Bethesda was indeed a real place, a double pool used for ritual cleansing. The text mentions five porches, providing shelter for a multitude of sick and disabled individuals. This scene paints a vivid picture of human suffering and desperation. The belief in the angel stirring the waters and imparting healing is a fascinating detail, revealing the popular religious practices of the time. Some manuscripts omit verse 4, however the traditions regarding miraculous healing are still present within the Church and other traditions of the time.

    The healing aspect resonates with our own spiritual needs. We too are often “impotent folk,” burdened by sin, weakness, and brokenness. We seek healing, not just physically, but spiritually and emotionally. This healing comes through Christ, our true physician. St. Athanasius teaches, “Αὐτὸς γὰρ ἰάσατο τὴν ἀσθένειαν ἡμῶν, καὶ τὰς νόσους ἐβάστασεν” (“For He Himself healed our infirmities and bore our sicknesses,” *Contra Arianos*, PG 26:368). This reflects the core of Christ’s Incarnation, He took on our ailments both physical and spiritual, that we may obtain healing through him.

    • ✨ Reflect on areas in your life where you need healing – physical, emotional, or spiritual.
    • 📖 Seek Christ’s healing power through prayer, repentance, and partaking in the Holy Mysteries.
    • 🕊️ Trust in God’s timing and plan for your healing, knowing He works all things for good.

    John 5:5-9 – The Healing of the Paralytic

    John 5:5-9 (KJV): And a certain man was there, which had an infirmity thirty and eight years. When Jesus saw him lie, and knew that he had been now a long time in that case, he saith unto him, Wilt thou be made whole? The impotent man answered him, Sir, I have no man, when the water is troubled, to put me into the pool: but while I am coming, another steppeth down before me. Jesus saith unto him, Rise, take up thy bed, and walk. And immediately the man was made whole, and took up his bed, and walked: and on the same day was the sabbath.

    The focus shifts to a man who had been ill for 38 years. Jesus, knowing his condition, asks a provocative question: “Wilt thou be made whole?” This question challenges the man’s willingness to embrace healing. The man’s response reveals his helplessness; he lacks anyone to assist him into the pool when the waters are stirred. Jesus then commands him to rise, take up his bed, and walk. Immediately, the man is healed. This demonstrates the immediate and transformative power of Christ’s word. The mention of the Sabbath introduces the impending conflict.

    This healing illustrates the power of faith and obedience. The man, despite his long suffering, responded to Jesus’ command. This can be a challenge for us, as Fr. Tadros Malaty says in his commentary of John, “The paralytic here is not simply physically sick, but spiritually lethargic, weighed down by apathy and bitterness” (John: An Eastern Orthodox Perspective, 2012). Christ is always ready to act, but are we ready to answer? This resonates with the story of the blind Bartimaeus (Mark 10:46-52), whose faith made him whole. The man also obeyed. Christ’s command of “take up your bed” may seem strange, but it was a direct command that the paralytic would have to obey, proving his healing.

    • 💡 Consider: what prevents you from fully receiving Christ’s healing touch?
    • 🙏 Pray for the strength to obey Christ’s commands, even when they seem difficult.
    • 🌿 Embrace the transformative power of Christ’s word in your life.

    John 5:10-16 – Controversy over the Sabbath

    John 5:10-16 (KJV): The Jews therefore said unto him that was cured, It is the sabbath day: it is not lawful for thee to carry thy bed. He answered them, He that made me whole, the same said unto me, Take up thy bed, and walk. Then asked they him, What man is that which said unto thee, Take up thy bed, and walk? And he that was healed wist not who it was: for Jesus had conveyed himself away, a multitude being in that place. Afterward Jesus findeth him in the temple, and said unto him, Behold, thou art made whole: sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee. The man departed, and told the Jews that it was Jesus, which had made him whole. And therefore did the Jews persecute Jesus, and sought to slay him, because he had done these things on the sabbath day.

    The Jews confront the healed man for carrying his bed on the Sabbath, violating their interpretation of the law. The man defends himself, stating that the one who healed him commanded him to do so. They inquire about the identity of this man. Later, Jesus finds the man in the temple and warns him to “sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee.” This emphasizes the connection between sin and suffering. The man, in turn, informs the Jews that Jesus was responsible for his healing, leading to persecution against Jesus.

    This section highlights the tension between the legalistic interpretation of the Sabbath and the spirit of the law, which emphasizes mercy and compassion. Jesus’ actions challenge the rigid adherence to tradition that had become detached from its original purpose. The healing becomes a point of contention, revealing the hardened hearts of those who prioritized the letter of the law over human well-being. The warning, “sin no more”, is an often overlooked part of this story, and gives insight to why Christ healed the man. St. Cyril of Alexandria states, “Ὥστε οὖν ἀποστῆναι τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἵνα μὴ χεῖρον τί σε συμβῇ” (“Therefore, abstain from sin, lest something worse happen to you,” *Commentarii in Ioannem*, PG 73:209). He highlights that healing should be accompanied by a turning away from sin. This echoes the Old Testament prophets’ call for repentance and justice (Isaiah 1:16-17). The sin of the man was the original cause of his illness, so Christ, through his power, can not only heal but also forgive.

    • 📜 Examine your own adherence to rules and traditions. Are they motivated by love and compassion, or by legalistic rigidity?
    • 💔 Reflect on the connection between sin and suffering in your life, and seek repentance and reconciliation.
    • 🙏 Pray for discernment to understand the true meaning and purpose of God’s commandments.

    John 5:17-23 – Jesus’ Defense: Equality with the Father

    John 5:17-23 (KJV): But Jesus answered them, My Father worketh hitherto, and I work. Therefore the Jews sought the more to kill him, because he not only had broken the sabbath, but said also that God was his Father, making himself equal with God. Then Jesus answered and said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the Father do: for what things soever he doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise. For the Father loveth the Son, and sheweth him all things that himself doeth: and he will shew him greater works than these, that ye may marvel. For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth them; even so the Son quickeneth whom he will. For the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son: That all men should honour the Son, even as they honour the Father. He that honoureth not the Son honoureth not the Father which hath sent him.

    Jesus defends His actions by declaring, “My Father worketh hitherto, and I work.” This statement asserts His divine nature and authority. The Jews perceive this as blasphemy, as He claims equality with God. Jesus clarifies that He acts in perfect unity with the Father, doing only what He sees the Father doing. He emphasizes the Father’s love for the Son and the delegation of judgment to the Son, demanding that the Son be honored just as the Father is honored. This is a central theme in the Gospel of John, affirming the divinity of Christ.

    This section delves into the heart of the Christian faith: the Trinity. Jesus affirms His equality with the Father, not in a way that diminishes the Father, but in a way that reveals the intimate and inseparable bond between them. This unity is a mystery, but it is essential for understanding God’s plan of salvation. St. Gregory of Nazianzus writes, “Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος θεοῦται, μὴ θεοῦ συνελθόντος” (“For neither does man become God without God uniting with him,” *Orationes*, PG 36:624). The divine synergy between the Father and Son is also reflected in our path to salvation, as we must work in synergy with the will of God to obtain salvation. The Father and Son’s works are inseparable, and only through the Son do we come to know and worship the Father.

    • 🙏 Reflect on the mystery of the Trinity, and the inseparable unity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
    • 📖 Study the Scriptures to deepen your understanding of Christ’s divinity and His relationship with the Father.
    • 💖 Seek to honor Christ in all aspects of your life, recognizing Him as the Son of God and the Savior of the world.

    John 5:24-29 – Life and Judgment

    John 5:24-29 (KJV): Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life. Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live. For as the Father hath life in himself; so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself; And hath given him authority to execute judgment also, because he is the Son of man. Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation.

    Jesus declares that those who hear His word and believe in the Father have eternal life and will not face condemnation. He asserts that the hour is coming when the dead will hear His voice and live. He possesses life in Himself, just as the Father does, and has been given authority to execute judgment. He speaks of a future resurrection, where those who have done good will rise to life, and those who have done evil will rise to damnation.

    This section emphasizes the importance of faith in Christ for salvation. He is the source of life, and through Him, we can pass from death to life. The promise of resurrection is a cornerstone of Christian hope, offering the assurance of eternal life for those who believe. St. Irenaeus teaches, “Τὴν ἀνάστασιν τῶν νεκρῶν διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ” (“The resurrection of the dead through our Lord Jesus Christ,” *Adversus Haereses*, PG 7:437). Christ’s resurrection is the prototype and guarantee of our own. Also note that eternal life is not just a future hope, but a present reality. Through faith in Christ, we experience a transformation in our lives here and now.

    • 📖 Study the teachings of Christ and strive to live according to His commandments.
    • 🙏 Pray for a deeper faith in Christ and for the grace to live a life worthy of the Gospel.
    • 💖 Embrace the hope of resurrection and eternal life, allowing it to transform your perspective on life and death.

    John 5:30-47 – The Witnesses to Jesus

    John 5:30-47 (KJV): I can of mine own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me. If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. There is another that beareth witness of me; and I know that the witness which he witnesseth of me is true. Ye sent unto John, and he bare witness unto the truth. But I receive not testimony from man: but these things I say, that ye might be saved. He was a burning and a shining light: and ye were willing for a season to rejoice in his light. But I have greater witness than that of John: for the works which the Father hath given me to finish, the same works that I do, bear witness of me, that the Father hath sent me. And the Father himself, which hath sent me, hath borne witness of me. Ye have neither heard his voice at any time, nor seen his shape. And ye have not his word abiding in you: for whom he hath sent, him ye believe not. Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me. And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life. I receive not honour from men. But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you. I am come in my Father’s name, and ye receive me not: if another shall come in his own name, him ye will receive. How can ye believe, which receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour that cometh from God only? Do not think that I will accuse you to the Father: there is one that accuseth you, even Moses, in whom ye trust. For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me: for he wrote of me. But if ye believe not his writings, how shall ye believe my words?

    Jesus presents multiple witnesses to His identity and authority: John the Baptist, His own works, and the Father Himself. He rebukes the Jews for rejecting His testimony, even though they had initially rejoiced in John’s witness. He emphasizes that the works He performs testify to His divine mission. He accuses them of lacking the love of God and seeking honor from one another rather than from God. He concludes by stating that Moses, in whom they trust, will accuse them because they have not believed in Him, even though Moses wrote about Him.

    This section highlights the importance of recognizing and accepting the multiple witnesses to Christ’s divinity. He is not simply making unsubstantiated claims, but rather presenting a compelling case supported by prophecy, miracles, and the testimony of God Himself. The Jews’ rejection of Christ is not due to a lack of evidence, but to a lack of love and a misplaced focus on earthly honor. As St. John Chrysostom so clearly states, “οὐ γὰρ ὁρῶσιν, ἀλλ’ ἀγαπῶσιν οἱ πιστεύοντες” (“For it is not those who see, but those who love, who believe,” *Homiliae in Ioannem*, PG 59:135). Ultimately, faith is a matter of the heart, not just the mind.

    • 🔎 Examine your own heart. Do you truly love God, or are you more concerned with earthly recognition and approval?
    • 📖 Study the Scriptures diligently, seeking to understand how they testify to Christ.
    • 🙏 Pray for the grace to believe in Christ and to receive Him as your Lord and Savior.

    The Significance of Sabbath in John 5

    The Sabbath healing in John 5 is more than just a violation of Jewish law; it’s a deliberate act highlighting Jesus’ authority. It symbolizes the freedom from bondage that Christ offers, a freedom that transcends legalistic interpretations. Consider these points:

    • The Sabbath was intended to be a day of rest and worship, but it had become burdened with excessive regulations.
    • Jesus’ healing on the Sabbath reveals the true spirit of the Sabbath: to do good and show mercy.
    • His actions challenge the rigid legalism of the Pharisees and demonstrate His authority over the Sabbath.
    • The conflict over the Sabbath foreshadows the larger conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders.
    • Ultimately, Jesus is the Lord of the Sabbath (Matthew 12:8), and He offers true rest to those who come to Him. Find relief from spiritual struggles with doh host’s services, where your online presence is in capable hands.

    FAQ ❓

    Q: Why did Jesus ask the man if he wanted to be healed? Didn’t He already know the answer?

    A: Jesus’ question was not about knowledge, but about eliciting a response of faith. He wanted the man to acknowledge his desire for healing and express his willingness to receive it. This act of faith was a necessary step in the healing process.

    Q: What is the significance of Jesus telling the man to “sin no more”?

    A: This warning highlights the connection between sin and suffering. Jesus was not simply healing the man physically, but also addressing the root cause of his illness, which may have been related to sin in his life. It serves as a reminder to abstain from sin and seek a life of holiness.

    Q: Why were the Jews so concerned about the man carrying his bed on the Sabbath?

    A: The Pharisees had developed a complex system of rules and regulations regarding the Sabbath, including prohibitions against certain types of work. Carrying a bed was considered a violation of these rules, even though it was a necessary consequence of the man’s healing. Their focus on legalistic details overshadowed the act of mercy and compassion that Jesus had performed.

    Q: What does John 5 teach us about the nature of God?

    A: John 5 reveals the Trinity, emphasizes the unity of the Father and the Son. It shows God’s desire to bring healing and restoration to humanity and to offer eternal life to those who believe in Him. It also shows the importance of honoring the Son just as we honor the Father.

    Conclusion

    John 5 offers profound insights into Jesus’ divine authority and the *healing power of faith*. Through the miracle at Bethesda, the Sabbath controversy, and Jesus’ powerful declarations about His relationship with the Father, we gain a deeper understanding of His identity and mission. This chapter challenges us to examine our own hearts, to prioritize love and compassion over legalism, and to embrace the hope of eternal life through faith in Christ. The paralytic may have only sought physical healing, but Christ offers us healing of our souls and a restored relationship with our Father in Heaven. May we, like the healed man, go forth and share the good news of Christ’s healing power and divine love.

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    John 5, Healing at Bethesda, Jesus’ Authority, Sabbath, Coptic Orthodox, Theology, Patristic Commentary, Divine Authority, Faith, Eternal Life

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    Explore John 5: The Healing at Bethesda reveals Jesus’ authority, His unity with the Father, and the *healing power of faith* for eternal life. Coptic Orthodox commentary.

  • John 4 – Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well

    Encountering the Living Water: A Coptic Orthodox Commentary on John 4

    Executive Summary

    John 4, the story of Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well, is a profound exploration of divine grace, evangelism, and the true nature of worship. The “Living Water” Jesus offers transcends ethnic and social barriers, offering forgiveness and eternal life to all who believe. Through this encounter, we learn about Jesus’s divine knowledge, His compassion for the marginalized, and the importance of worshipping God in Spirit and in truth. This chapter highlights the universality of salvation, as the Samaritan woman becomes an apostle, bringing her entire village to Christ. This passage resonates deeply within the Coptic Orthodox tradition, reminding us of the transformative power of encountering the Living Christ and sharing His love with the world. This chapter offers invaluable lessons on repentance, faith, and the essential call to evangelize, enriching our spiritual lives with practical applications.

    John 4, the account of the Samaritan woman at Jacob’s well, is a pivotal narrative revealing the very essence of our salvation. It showcases Jesus’s radical love and acceptance, breaking down barriers of ethnicity and gender to offer the “Living Water” to a thirsty soul. This encounter isn’t merely a historical event; it’s a living icon of God’s relentless pursuit of humanity and the transformative power of faith.

    Commentary on John 4

    John 4:1-4: Jesus Departs Judea for Galilee

    John 4:1-4 (KJV): When therefore the Lord knew how that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John, (Though Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples,) He left Judaea, and departed again into Galilee. And he must needs go through Samaria.

    Jesus, aware of the rising tensions with the Pharisees, deliberately chooses a path that leads through Samaria. This journey wasn’t merely a geographical necessity, but a divinely orchestrated encounter. The phrase “He must needs go through Samaria” indicates divine providence. This challenges us to consider the less traveled paths in our own lives – those places and people we might instinctively avoid – as potential opportunities for God’s grace to manifest. Sometimes, the most profound spiritual encounters occur in unexpected territories, leading us to serve our Lord using the latest and greatest technologies available to us, like AI website builder.

    John 4:5-6: Jacob’s Well and Jesus’s Weariness

    John 4:5-6 (KJV): Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph. Now Jacob’s well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour.

    The setting at Jacob’s Well, near Sychar (modern-day Askar), is significant. It connects Jesus to the patriarchal history of Israel, specifically Jacob and Joseph. The well itself, a source of physical water, becomes a symbol of the spiritual water that Jesus offers. The fact that Jesus is “wearied with his journey” highlights His humanity. He is not a distant, detached deity, but a man who experiences fatigue and thirst, just as we do. “Ὁ Ἰησοῦς οὖν κεκοπιακὼς ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας ἐκαθέζετο οὕτως ἐπὶ τῇ πηγῇ” (ho Iēsous oun kekopiakōs ek tēs hodoiporias ekathēzeto houtōs epi tē pēgē) – “Jesus therefore, wearied from the journey, was sitting thus on the well.” This verse reminds us that Christ intimately understands our human struggles. We can approach Him in our weariness, knowing that He empathizes with our condition. This highlights the concept of the Incarnation – God becoming man – central to Coptic Orthodox theology. This shared humanity allows us to have a more profound and intimate relationship with our Savior.

    Spiritual Application: Find rest in Christ during times of weariness. Recognize His shared humanity and seek solace in His presence.

    John 4:7-9: The Samaritan Woman’s Surprise

    John 4:7-9 (KJV): There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: Jesus saith unto her, Give me to drink. (For his disciples were gone away unto the city to buy meat.) Then saith the woman of Samaria unto him, How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a woman of Samaria? for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans.

    The woman’s surprise stems from the deep-seated animosity between Jews and Samaritans. Historically, this division arose from religious and cultural differences after the Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom of Israel in 722 BC. The Samaritans had a different version of the Pentateuch and worshipped God on Mount Gerizim, rather than in Jerusalem. Jesus’s initiation of the conversation breaks down this social barrier, demonstrating His willingness to engage with those considered outcasts. This act models the inclusive nature of God’s love, extending to all, regardless of their background. The Coptic Church, with its emphasis on universal salvation, wholeheartedly embraces this principle.

    Spiritual Application: Challenge your own biases and prejudices. Seek to build bridges with those who are different from you, following Christ’s example of love and acceptance.

    John 4:10-15: Living Water and Eternal Life

    John 4:10-15 (KJV): Jesus answered and said unto her, If thou knewest the gift of God, and who it is that saith to thee, Give me to drink; thou wouldest have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water. The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou that living water? Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and drank thereof himself, and his children, and his cattle? Jesus answered and said unto her, Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again: But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life. The woman saith unto him, Sir, give me this water, that I thirst not, neither come hither to draw.

    Jesus introduces the concept of “Living Water,” a metaphor for the grace and eternal life He offers. This Living Water is not merely a physical substitute, but a spiritual transformation that satisfies the deepest longings of the human heart. St. Athanasius the Apostolic said, “Αυτὸς γὰρ ἐνηνθρώπησεν, ἵνα ἡμεῖς θεοποιηθῶμεν” (Autos gar enēnthrōpēsen, hina hēmeis theopoiēthōmen) – “For He became man so that we might become God.” (De Incarnatione, 54.3). This profound statement encapsulates the very heart of our salvation: union with God through Christ. The Samaritan woman, initially focused on the practicalities of drawing water, slowly begins to grasp the spiritual dimension of Jesus’s offer. Her request, “Sir, give me this water, that I thirst not, neither come hither to draw,” reveals a desire for liberation from the repetitive cycle of earthly needs. This illustrates the human longing for lasting fulfillment, which only Christ can truly satisfy. Just as the desert needs water, so too does our soul require constant nourishment from God’s grace.

    Spiritual Application: Recognize your spiritual thirst and seek the Living Water that only Jesus can provide. Allow His grace to transform your life from the inside out.

    John 4:16-18: Jesus Reveals Her Past

    John 4:16-18 (KJV): Jesus saith unto her, Go, call thy husband, and come hither. The woman answered and said, I have no husband. Jesus said unto her, Thou hast well said, I have no husband: For thou hast had five husbands; and he whom thou now hast is not thy husband: in that saidst thou truly.

    Jesus’s request for her to call her husband seems abrupt, but it serves a crucial purpose. It exposes her past, not to condemn her, but to reveal her need for healing and forgiveness. Jesus demonstrates divine knowledge of her life, highlighting His omniscience. The fact that she has had five husbands and is now living with someone who is not her husband points to a history of broken relationships and a deep-seated spiritual emptiness. The Coptic Orthodox Church emphasizes the importance of confession and repentance as pathways to healing and restoration. Jesus’s act of exposing her sin is not one of judgment but of loving correction, paving the way for her to experience true repentance and find the Living Water.

    Spiritual Application: Be honest with yourself and with God about your past sins and struggles. Embrace the opportunity for confession and repentance, allowing Christ to heal your brokenness.

    John 4:19-26: True Worship in Spirit and Truth

    John 4:19-26 (KJV): The woman saith unto him, Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet. Our fathers worshipped in this mountain; and ye say, that in Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship. Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe me, the hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship the Father. Ye worship ye know not what: we know what we worship: for salvation is of the Jews. But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such to worship him. God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. The woman saith unto him, I know that Messias cometh, which is called Christ: when he is come, he will tell us all things. Jesus saith unto her, I that speak unto thee am he.

    This section is the theological heart of the passage. Jesus transcends the debate about the proper location of worship (Mount Gerizim versus Jerusalem) and introduces the concept of worshipping God “in spirit and in truth.” This means that true worship is not confined to specific places or rituals, but rather involves a genuine connection with God through the Holy Spirit, rooted in the truth of His Word and person. “Πνεῦμα ὁ Θεός, καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτὸν ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν” (Pneuma ho Theos, kai tous proskynountas auton en pneumati kai alētheia dei proskynein) – “God is Spirit, and those who worship Him must worship Him in spirit and truth.” This profound statement emphasizes the immaterial, spiritual nature of God and the corresponding spiritual nature of true worship. This concept aligns perfectly with Coptic Orthodox understanding of the Eucharist and personal prayer, where spiritual communion with God transcends physical limitations. Finally, Jesus explicitly reveals Himself as the Messiah to the Samaritan woman – a groundbreaking revelation to someone outside the Jewish faith. This is a testament to the universality of His message and His desire to be known by all. The Samaritan woman’s acceptance of Jesus as the Messiah demonstrates that faith is not limited by ethnicity, gender, or social status.

    Spiritual Application: Examine your own worship practices. Are you worshipping God in spirit and in truth? Seek to cultivate a genuine, heartfelt connection with Him through prayer, scripture, and the sacraments.

    John 4:27-30: The Disciples’ Confusion and the Woman’s Witness

    John 4:27-30 (KJV): And upon this came his disciples, and marvelled that he talked with the woman: yet no man said, What seekest thou? or, Why talkest thou with her? The woman then left her waterpot, and went her way into the city, and saith to the men, Come, see a man, which told me all things that ever I did: is not this the Christ? Then they went out of the city, and came unto him.

    The disciples are surprised to see Jesus talking with a Samaritan woman, highlighting the prevailing social norms of the time. They don’t dare question Him directly, but their surprise is evident. The Samaritan woman, transformed by her encounter with Jesus, immediately becomes an evangelist. She leaves her waterpot – a symbol of her old life and its limitations – and rushes back to her city to share the good news. Her testimony, “Come, see a man, which told me all things that ever I did: is not this the Christ?” is simple yet powerful. It is through her personal experience of Christ that she convinces others to come and see for themselves. This highlights the importance of personal testimony in evangelism. The most effective way to share the Gospel is to share your own story of how Christ has changed your life.

    Spiritual Application: Be bold in sharing your faith with others. Share your personal story of how Christ has impacted your life. Don’t be afraid to invite others to “come and see” for themselves.

    John 4:31-38: Jesus’s Food and the Harvest

    John 4:31-38 (KJV): In the mean while his disciples prayed him, saying, Master, eat. But he said unto them, I have meat to eat that ye know not of. Therefore said the disciples one to another, Hath any man brought him ought to eat? Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work. Say not ye, There are yet four months, and then cometh harvest? behold, I say unto you, Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for they are white already to harvest. And he that reapeth receiveth wages, and gathereth fruit unto life eternal: that both he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice together. And herein is that saying true, One soweth, and another reapeth. I sent you to reap that whereon ye bestowed no labour: other men laboured, and ye are entered into their labours.

    Jesus explains that His true nourishment comes from doing the will of God. This highlights the importance of prioritizing spiritual needs over physical desires. He uses the metaphor of the harvest to illustrate the urgency of evangelism. The fields are “white already to harvest,” meaning that people are ready to receive the Gospel. This emphasizes the importance of seizing opportunities to share the Good News. Jesus also acknowledges that evangelism is a collaborative effort. Some sow the seeds (share the Gospel), while others reap the harvest (bring people to faith). The disciples are entering into the labor of others, building upon the foundation laid by the prophets and by John the Baptist. The key phrase “My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work” encapsulates the very essence of Christ’s earthly mission.

    Spiritual Application: Prioritize doing God’s will above all else. Be actively involved in evangelism, recognizing that you are part of a larger, collaborative effort to bring people to Christ.

    John 4:39-42: The Samaritans Believe

    John 4:39-42 (KJV): And many of the Samaritans of that city believed on him for the saying of the woman, which testified, He told me all that ever I did. So when the Samaritans were come unto him, they besought him that he would tarry with them: and he abode there two days. And many more believed because of his own word; And said unto the woman, Now we believe, not because of thy saying: for we have heard him ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world.

    The Samaritans, initially drawn by the woman’s testimony, ultimately come to believe in Jesus through their own personal encounters with Him. This underscores the importance of both personal testimony and direct engagement with the Word of God. The Samaritans’ declaration, “Now we believe, not because of thy saying: for we have heard him ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world,” marks a significant milestone in their spiritual journey. They have moved from secondhand faith to a direct, personal relationship with Jesus. This demonstrates the power of individual experience and the importance of engaging with the Word of God firsthand.

    Spiritual Application: Seek to deepen your own faith through personal encounters with Christ. Don’t rely solely on the testimonies of others, but actively engage with Scripture, prayer, and the sacraments to cultivate your own relationship with Him.

    Key Reflections on John 4

    Here are some key reflections and teachings from the story of the Samaritan woman at the well:

    • ✨Breaking Down Barriers: Jesus actively breaks down social and ethnic barriers, demonstrating the universality of His love and salvation.
    • 💡The Living Water: The “Living Water” represents the transformative power of God’s grace, satisfying our deepest spiritual thirst.
    • 📖Worship in Spirit and Truth: True worship transcends physical locations and rituals, requiring a genuine connection with God through the Holy Spirit.
    • 📜Personal Testimony: Sharing your personal story of encountering Christ is a powerful tool for evangelism.
    • 🕊️Universal Salvation: The story highlights the universality of salvation, extending to all who believe, regardless of their background.
    • 🌱Spiritual Nourishment: Doing God’s will is the true nourishment that sustains us, above physical needs.

    FAQ ❓

    Here are some frequently asked questions about John 4:

    • Q: Why were Jews and Samaritans so divided?
      A: The division stemmed from historical and religious differences, dating back to the Assyrian conquest and the establishment of a separate Samaritan religion with a different temple and version of the Pentateuch.
    • Q: What does it mean to worship God in spirit and in truth?
      A: It means worshiping God from the heart, with sincerity and genuine devotion, guided by the Holy Spirit and rooted in the truth of His Word. It’s not limited to a specific place or ritual.
    • Q: How can I apply the lessons of the Samaritan woman to my life?
      A: By being open to encountering Christ in unexpected places, acknowledging your spiritual thirst, embracing repentance, and sharing your faith with others. Follow her example of leaving behind the old ways and embracing the new life in Christ.
    • Q: What is the significance of Jesus revealing Himself as the Messiah to the Samaritan woman?
      A: It highlights the universality of His message and His desire to be known by all, regardless of their ethnicity or social status. It demonstrates that salvation is offered to everyone who believes.

    Conclusion

    The story of the Samaritan woman at the well is a timeless reminder of God’s boundless grace and the transformative power of encountering the Living Christ. Jesus, in his compassion, crosses social boundaries to offer salvation to a thirsty soul. This encounter teaches us about genuine worship – in spirit and in truth – and underscores the importance of sharing our faith with others. The focus key phrase “Living Water” encapsulates the essence of Jesus’s offer: a wellspring of eternal life that quenches our deepest spiritual thirst. Like the Samaritan woman, we are called to leave our “waterpots” behind, embracing a new life transformed by the love of Christ, and to share this life-giving water with a world desperately in need. By embracing Jesus, who offers the refreshing “Living Water,” we can find true satisfaction and become messengers of hope to those around us.

    Tags

    Jesus, Samaritan woman, Living Water, worship, evangelism, salvation, Messiah, Jacob’s well, John 4, Coptic Orthodox

    Meta Description

    Explore John 4: The story of Jesus and the Samaritan woman. Discover the meaning of Living Water, true worship, and the universality of salvation. A Coptic Orthodox commentary.

  • John 3 – Jesus and Nicodemus: You Must Be Born Again

    Born Again in Christ: Exploring the Meaning of Spiritual Rebirth in John 3

    Executive Summary

    John 3, the iconic chapter featuring Jesus’ discourse with Nicodemus, delves into the profound concept of being **born again**. This isn’t merely reformation but a radical, spiritual transformation necessary for entering the Kingdom of God. Nicodemus, a Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin, approaches Jesus seeking truth. Jesus’ response about needing to be born of water and Spirit, highlights the vital role of Baptism and the Holy Spirit in salvation. The chapter moves beyond the initial bewilderment of Nicodemus to explore the depth of God’s love, expressed through the sacrifice of His Son. It culminates in the affirmation that belief in Jesus leads to eternal life while rejecting Him leads to condemnation. This chapter is a cornerstone of Christian theology, emphasizing the necessity of faith, divine grace, and the transformative power of the Holy Spirit for spiritual life.

    The encounter between Jesus and Nicodemus in John 3 presents a crucial understanding of salvation and the Christian life. Central to this dialogue is the concept of being **born again**, a spiritual rebirth that is not optional, but essential for seeing and entering the Kingdom of God. Let us embark on a verse-by-verse journey through this profound chapter, illuminated by the wisdom of the Church Fathers and the rich tapestry of Coptic Orthodox tradition. For more services, check out domain registration.

    Commentary on John 3

    John 3:1-2 – Nicodemus Comes to Jesus

    “There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. This man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, ‘Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is with Him.’” (NKJV)

    Nicodemus, a Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin, recognizes something extraordinary in Jesus. He comes “by night,” perhaps out of fear of his peers or to avoid public scrutiny. His opening statement reveals a degree of belief, acknowledging Jesus’ divine authority based on the miracles he has seen. He approaches Jesus with respect, addressing him as “Rabbi.” This encounter highlights the yearning for truth even within the established religious order of the time.

    Spiritual Application: Are we willing to seek truth even when it means challenging our own preconceived notions or risking disapproval from others? Nicodemus’ willingness to seek Jesus, despite the potential social cost, is a powerful example of humility and spiritual hunger.

    John 3:3 – “Born Again” Explained

    “Jesus answered and said to him, ‘Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.’” (NKJV)

    Jesus’ immediate response is startling. He doesn’t engage in polite conversation but cuts straight to the core of the matter: the necessity of being **born again**. The Greek word translated as “again” is *ἄνωθεν* (anothen), which can also mean “from above” or “from heaven.” This ambiguity is deliberate, pointing to both a new beginning and a divine origin.

    St. Cyril of Alexandria comments on this verse, stating, “*ἀναγκαῖον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὴν τῆς ἀναγεννήσεως ἀπολαβεῖν χάριν, ὡς ἂν γένηται τις καινὸς ἄνθρωπος διὰ τῆς εἰς Χριστὸν πίστεως*” (“It is necessary to receive the grace of regeneration, so that one may become a new person through faith in Christ”) (*Commentary on John*, Book II, Chapter 3). This highlights the transformative power of faith in Christ as the means of rebirth.

    Spiritual Application: This verse emphasizes that mere intellectual assent to Jesus’ teachings is insufficient. A radical transformation, a spiritual rebirth, is required to enter the Kingdom of God. We must ask ourselves: am I truly experiencing this newness of life in Christ?

    John 3:4-5 – Born of Water and Spirit

    “Nicodemus said to Him, ‘How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born?’ Jesus answered, ‘Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.’” (NKJV)

    Nicodemus struggles to comprehend Jesus’ words, interpreting them literally. Jesus clarifies that He is speaking of a spiritual birth, a birth “of water and the Spirit.” The “water” is generally understood as referring to Baptism, the sacrament through which we are cleansed from sin and united with Christ’s death and resurrection. The “Spirit” refers to the Holy Spirit, who indwells believers, empowering them for spiritual life.

    The Coptic Orthodox Church sees Baptism as essential for salvation, following the Lord’s command. This is not mere symbolic act, but a real and efficacious sacrament conveying grace. As St. Athanasius states, “*διὰ τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς παλιγγενεσίας καὶ τὴν ἀνανέωσιν τοῦ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου*” (“Through the water of regeneration and the renewal of the Holy Spirit”) (*Against the Arians*, 2.43), highlighting the essential role of water baptism in receiving the Holy Spirit and experiencing spiritual renewal.

    Spiritual Application: Baptism is not simply a tradition, but a sacrament instituted by Christ for our salvation. It is a gateway to a new life in the Spirit. Are we living in accordance with the grace we received at Baptism?

    John 3:6-8 – The Mystery of the Spirit

    “That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Do not marvel that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear the sound of it, but cannot tell where it comes from and where it goes. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit.” (NKJV)

    Jesus emphasizes the difference between physical birth and spiritual birth. Physical birth produces a physical being, while spiritual birth produces a spiritual being. The working of the Holy Spirit is mysterious and beyond human comprehension. Like the wind, we can see its effects but cannot fully grasp its origin or destination. This underscores the divine initiative in salvation; it is God who initiates and empowers the process of spiritual rebirth.

    Spiritual Application: We must not try to confine the work of the Holy Spirit to our own understanding. We should be open to His leading, even when it defies our logic. Are we sensitive to the promptings of the Holy Spirit in our lives?

    John 3:9-13 – Jesus Explains His Authority

    “Nicodemus answered and said to Him, ‘How can these things be?’ Jesus answered and said to him, ‘Are you the teacher of Israel, and do not know these things? Most assuredly, I say to you, We speak what We know and testify what We have seen, and you do not receive Our witness. If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven, that is, the Son of Man who is in heaven.’” (NKJV)

    Jesus expresses surprise at Nicodemus’ lack of understanding, given his position as a teacher of Israel. Jesus asserts his divine authority, claiming to speak from firsthand knowledge of heavenly things. He contrasts earthly knowledge with heavenly knowledge, implying that Nicodemus is stuck in a limited, earthly perspective. He also makes the profound statement that He, the Son of Man, came down from heaven and yet remains in heaven, hinting at his divine nature and omnipresence.

    Spiritual Application: Jesus’ words challenge us to move beyond a merely intellectual understanding of faith and to embrace the reality of spiritual truths that transcend our limited human perspective. Are we truly open to receiving Jesus’ witness, even when it challenges our preconceived notions?

    John 3:14-15 – The Bronze Serpent and the Cross

    “And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life.” (NKJV)

    Jesus draws a parallel between the lifting up of the bronze serpent in the wilderness (Numbers 21:4-9) and his own crucifixion. The bronze serpent was a symbol of healing and deliverance for the Israelites who were bitten by venomous snakes. Similarly, Jesus, when lifted up on the cross, becomes the source of healing and salvation for all who believe in Him. This verse beautifully foreshadows the redemptive power of the cross. The act of looking upon the serpent was an act of faith that brought physical healing; similarly, believing in Jesus crucified brings spiritual healing and eternal life.

    Spiritual Application: We must look to the cross of Christ for our salvation. It is through his sacrifice that we are healed from the poison of sin and granted eternal life. Do we regularly contemplate the meaning of the cross and its implications for our lives?

    John 3:16 – God’s Love and Salvation

    “For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.” (NKJV)

    This is perhaps the most well-known and beloved verse in the Bible. It encapsulates the essence of the Gospel message: God’s immense love for humanity, demonstrated through the gift of his Son, Jesus Christ. Belief in Jesus is the key to receiving eternal life. This verse emphasizes the gratuitous nature of God’s love; it is not something we earn or deserve, but a free gift offered to all.

    St. John Chrysostom beautifully expounds on this verse, saying, “*Οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἀναγκαζόμενος, οὐδὲ ὡς λυπούμενος ἔδωκε τὸν Υἱόν, ἀλλ’ ὡς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀγαπῶν ἡμᾶς*” (“For not as one compelled, nor as one grieving did He give His Son, but as one loving us beyond all measure”) (*Homilies on the Gospel of John*, Homily 27). This emphasizes the voluntary and joyful nature of God’s sacrifice, motivated by boundless love.

    Spiritual Application: We are called to respond to God’s love by believing in Jesus and living a life that reflects His teachings. Are we allowing God’s love to transform us and to motivate our actions?

    John 3:17-18 – Judgment and Belief

    “For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved. He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.” (NKJV)

    God’s purpose in sending Jesus was not to condemn but to save. However, those who reject Jesus are, in effect, condemning themselves. The act of unbelief is a rejection of God’s grace and a choice to remain in darkness. This verse highlights the gravity of the decision to believe or not to believe in Jesus.

    Spiritual Application: Our response to Jesus has eternal consequences. We must take seriously the call to believe and trust in Him for our salvation. Are we actively choosing to embrace Jesus and his teachings, or are we allowing unbelief to harden our hearts?

    John 3:19-21 – Light and Darkness

    “And this is the condemnation, that the light has come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. For everyone practicing evil hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his deeds should be exposed. But he who does the truth comes to the light, that his deeds may be clearly seen, that they have been done in God.” (NKJV)

    Jesus is the “light” that has come into the world, revealing the truth about God and humanity. However, many people prefer darkness because their actions are evil. They fear exposure and judgment. Those who live according to the truth, on the other hand, welcome the light because their actions are done in accordance with God’s will. This verse highlights the moral implications of belief and unbelief.

    Spiritual Application: We must examine our lives and ask ourselves whether we are drawn to the light of Christ or prefer to remain in the darkness of sin. Are we willing to expose our deeds to the light of God’s truth, even if it is painful?

    John 3:22-36 – John the Baptist’s Testimony

    This section shifts to John the Baptist’s testimony concerning Jesus. He sees Jesus’ ministry flourishing and acknowledges his own diminishing role, stating, “He must increase, but I must decrease” (John 3:30). John recognizes Jesus as the Messiah, the Bridegroom, and affirms that “the Father loves the Son, and has given all things into His hand” (John 3:35). He concludes with a stark warning: “He who believes in the Son has everlasting life; and he who does not believe the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abides on him” (John 3:36).

    Spiritual Application: Like John the Baptist, we must be willing to humble ourselves and recognize Jesus’ supreme authority. We must point others to him and rejoice in his growing influence in the world. Are we willing to decrease so that Christ may increase in our lives?

    Key Reflections on Being Born Again

    Let’s consider the profound implications of being **born again**:

    • ✨ **Radical Transformation:** It’s not just a change of behavior, but a transformation of our very nature.
    • 💡 **Divine Initiative:** God initiates this rebirth through the Holy Spirit.
    • 📖 **Sacramental Grace:** Baptism is a crucial element in this process, connecting us to Christ’s death and resurrection.
    • 📜 **New Identity:** We become new creations in Christ, adopted as children of God.
    • 🕊️ **Empowerment for Holiness:** The Holy Spirit empowers us to live a life pleasing to God.
    • 🌍 **Eternal Perspective:** We gain a new perspective on life, focused on the Kingdom of God.

    FAQ ❓

    Q: Why is being born again necessary?

    A: Jesus states clearly that it is necessary to *see* and *enter* the Kingdom of God. Our natural, fallen state prevents us from perceiving and experiencing God’s Kingdom. Being born again through the Holy Spirit cleanses and renews our spirit to allow us to experience God’s presence and enter his eternal kingdom.

    Q: What is the role of Baptism in being born again?

    A: Baptism is the sacrament through which we are united with Christ’s death and resurrection, cleansed from sin, and receive the Holy Spirit. It is the outward sign of an inward transformation, a visible manifestation of the spiritual rebirth that takes place within us.

    Q: How can I know if I am truly born again?

    A: The fruits of the Spirit – love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control (Galatians 5:22-23) – will be evident in your life. A genuine desire to follow Christ and obey his commands will also be present. You will also have a heart for repentance and change.

    Q: What does it mean to “believe” in Jesus?

    A: Believing in Jesus is more than just intellectual assent. It is a wholehearted trust in Him as Lord and Savior, a commitment to follow His teachings, and a reliance on His grace for salvation. It involves a turning away from sin and a turning towards God.

    Conclusion

    The encounter between Jesus and Nicodemus, exploring the profound concept of being **born again**, is a cornerstone of Christian faith. It emphasizes that salvation is not merely a matter of outward observance or intellectual understanding, but a radical, inward transformation brought about by the grace of God through the Holy Spirit. This transformative experience opens our eyes to the Kingdom of God, grants us a new identity as children of God, and empowers us to live lives that reflect the love and holiness of Christ. It calls us to humility, faith, and a willingness to embrace the mystery of God’s working in our lives. This profound spiritual journey is essential for anyone seeking to truly know God and experience the fullness of life He offers.

    Tags

    born again, Nicodemus, John 3, spiritual rebirth, baptism, Holy Spirit, salvation, Kingdom of God, faith, Coptic Orthodox

    Meta Description

    Explore the profound meaning of being **born again** in John 3 with our verse-by-verse commentary. Discover how spiritual rebirth unlocks the Kingdom of God.

  • John 2 – The Wedding at Cana and the Cleansing of the Temple

    The Wedding at Cana: Experiencing the Transforming Power of Christ

    Executive Summary ✨

    John Chapter 2, specifically the Wedding at Cana, provides a powerful glimpse into the glory of Christ’s early ministry. The miracle of turning water into wine isn’t just a display of power, but a profound symbol of the New Covenant replacing the Old, grace superseding law, and the overflowing abundance of God’s blessings in Christ Jesus. The Cleansing of the Temple further reinforces Christ’s authority and His zeal for the purity of worship. Our focus key phrase, transforming power of Christ, encapsulates the essence of this chapter: how Christ’s presence transforms the ordinary into the extraordinary, purifies the sacred, and establishes a new reality rooted in love and truth. Through faith and obedience, we can experience this same transforming power of Christ in our lives today, leading us to deeper communion with God and service to others.

    John 2 offers a captivating look at the beginning of Jesus’s public ministry. From a joyful wedding celebration to the righteous cleansing of the Temple, this chapter lays the groundwork for understanding Jesus’s divine authority and His mission to establish a new covenant with humanity. It’s a chapter full of symbolism and profound spiritual lessons, relevant even in our modern world.

    Commentary: The Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-11)

    John 2:1-2 (KJV): “And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and the mother of Jesus was there: And both Jesus was called, and his disciples, to the marriage.”

    The “third day” is likely a reference to the third day after the events described in John 1:43-51, emphasizing the immediate and purposeful nature of Christ’s actions. Cana of Galilee, though a small village, became the stage for Christ’s first public miracle. The presence of Mary, and the invitation extended to Jesus and His disciples, suggests a close relationship between the families involved. This highlights the importance of community and fellowship in the early ministry of Christ. We see that Christ entered real life and relationships. Let us also invite Christ into our everyday lives and relationships, seeking His guidance and blessing in all we do.

    John 2:3 (KJV): “And when they wanted wine, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, They have no wine.”

    The exhaustion of the wine supply at a wedding was a significant social embarrassment. Mary’s observation and subsequent appeal to Jesus reveal her faith and her understanding of His divine power. Her simple statement, “They have no wine,” carries an immense weight of expectation and trust. It’s a model for our own prayers: bringing our needs before Christ with humility and confidence. From a Coptic Orthodox perspective, this passage also highlights the veneration of the Theotokos, Mary, as intercessor, a belief firmly rooted in our tradition. As St. Cyril of Alexandria states, Θεοτόκος γὰρ ἡ ἁγία Παρθένος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος μόνον (“The Holy Virgin is Theotokos, not merely a human being”). (St. Cyril of Alexandria, *Epistola 1 ad Nestorium*) This emphasizes her unique role in salvation history and her powerful intercession on our behalf.

    Practical Application: Are we attentive to the needs of others around us? Do we, like Mary, have the faith to bring these needs to Christ in prayer?

    John 2:4 (KJV): “Jesus saith unto her, Woman, what have I to do with thee? mine hour is not yet come.”

    This verse is often misinterpreted. The term “Woman” is not disrespectful but rather a formal address. Jesus’s statement, “What have I to do with thee?” can be understood as a gentle assertion of His divine independence and the timing of His miracles according to the Father’s will. “Mine hour is not yet come” refers to the appointed time for the full revelation of His glory, culminating in His crucifixion and resurrection. This hints at the ultimate sacrifice that will redeem humanity. We must remember that God’s timing is perfect. We must be patient and trust in His plan for our lives, even when we don’t understand it.

    St. Augustine in his commentaries on John mentions that Jesus addresses Mary as woman in this context to highlight that his divine nature and his relationship with God the Father takes precedence in this moment.

    John 2:5 (KJV): “His mother saith unto the servants, Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it.”

    Mary’s unwavering faith is evident in her instruction to the servants. She doesn’t argue with Jesus or question His response; instead, she directs the servants to complete obedience. This is a powerful lesson in obedience to Christ. We, too, should strive to obey His commands without hesitation, knowing that He always knows what is best for us. Mary’s words are a timeless testament to the importance of obedience in the Christian life. It’s also interesting to note that the servants were already there and willing to help, much like we should always be ready to serve God in His kingdom.

    Practical Application: Are we willing to obey Christ’s commands, even when they are difficult or inconvenient?

    John 2:6-8 (KJV): “And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece. Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. And they filled them up to the brim. And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast. And they bare it.”

    The six stone waterpots, used for Jewish purification rituals, are symbolic of the Old Covenant and its limitations. Each pot held two or three firkins, roughly 20-30 gallons each, totaling a significant amount of water. Jesus’s command to fill the pots “up to the brim” emphasizes the completeness of His transformation. He takes something ordinary and mundane (water) and transforms it into something extraordinary and joyful (wine). This demonstrates the power of Christ to transform our lives, taking our weaknesses and turning them into strengths. The act of drawing out the transformed water and taking it to the governor emphasizes the importance of sharing the blessings we receive from Christ with others. Consider how even now, we can use tools like website builder to grow our ministry, just as the servants shared the wine.

    John 2:9-10 (KJV): “When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was (but the servants which drew the water knew), the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, And saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine until now.”

    The governor’s surprise at the quality of the wine highlights the superiority of the New Covenant. The best wine was saved for last, symbolizing the abundance of grace and blessings that Christ offers. The servants’ knowledge underscores the importance of service and humility. They were witnesses to the miracle, even though the governor was unaware of its origin. This reminds us that God often uses the humble and the ordinary to accomplish His extraordinary purposes. This “good wine” is the fruit of the Holy Spirit in our lives, a joy and peace that surpasses understanding. Christ always saves the best for last. Our joy and fulfillment in Him will only increase as we draw closer to Him.

    John 2:11 (KJV): “This beginning of miracles did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and manifested forth his glory; and his disciples believed on him.”

    This verse summarizes the significance of the miracle at Cana. It was the “beginning of miracles,” a public demonstration of Christ’s divine power and glory. This miracle led to the disciples’ belief in Him, strengthening their faith and commitment. The miracle at Cana is not just a historical event; it’s a sign of Christ’s presence and power in our lives today. He is still working miracles, transforming lives, and revealing His glory to those who believe. The transforming power of Christ is not limited to the past; it is available to us now.

    Practical Application: How can we recognize and appreciate the miracles that Christ is working in our lives today?

    Commentary: The Cleansing of the Temple (John 2:12-25)

    John 2:12-17 (KJV): “After this he went down to Capernaum, he, and his mother, and his brethren, and his disciples: and they continued there not many days. And the Jews’ passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem, And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting: And when he had made a scourge of small cords, he drove them all out of the temple, and the sheep, and the oxen; and poured out the changers’ money, and overthrew the tables; And said unto them that sold doves, Take these things hence; make not my Father’s house an house of merchandise. And his disciples remembered that it was written, The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up.”

    The Passover, a significant Jewish festival commemorating the Exodus from Egypt, drew large crowds to Jerusalem. The presence of merchants selling animals for sacrifice and money changers profiting from the exchange of foreign currency within the Temple precincts had turned the House of God into a marketplace. Jesus’s actions, making a whip of cords and driving out the merchants and animals, demonstrate His righteous anger and His zeal for the purity of worship. The act of pouring out the changers’ money and overturning their tables symbolizes the overturning of corrupt practices and the establishment of a new order. His words, “Make not my Father’s house an house of merchandise,” are a condemnation of the commercialization of religion and a call for reverence and holiness. The disciples’ recollection of Psalm 69:9, “The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up,” highlights the intensity of Jesus’s passion for God’s glory. This wasn’t just about physical space; it was about the heart posture of the people toward worship. We must reflect upon our own heart attitudes toward God and His house. Are we approaching God with reverence and sincerity or are we allowing worldly distractions to cloud our judgment?

    John 2:18-22 (KJV): “Then answered the Jews and said unto him, What sign shewest thou unto us, seeing that thou doest these things? Jesus answered and said unto them, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up. Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days? But he spake of the temple of his body. When therefore he was risen from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this unto them; and they believed the scripture, and the word which Jesus had said.”

    The Jewish leaders demanded a sign to justify Jesus’s actions. Jesus’s cryptic response, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up,” was a prophecy of His death and resurrection. The Jews misinterpreted His words, focusing on the physical Temple in Jerusalem. However, Jesus was speaking of the “temple of his body,” referring to His own physical body as the dwelling place of God. This passage highlights the importance of spiritual discernment and understanding the deeper meaning of Jesus’s words. The resurrection of Jesus is the ultimate sign, confirming His divinity and the truth of His message. The “three days” is a recurring motif in Scripture, representing new life and resurrection. It foreshadows the victory over death and the hope of eternal life for all who believe in Him. This passage shows how Jesus’s words challenge us to look beyond the physical and embrace the spiritual reality of His kingdom.

    John 2:23-25 (KJV): “Now when he was in Jerusalem at the passover, in the feast day, many believed in his name, when they saw the miracles which he did. But Jesus did not commit himself unto them, because he knew all men, And needed not that any should testify of man: for he knew what was in man.”

    Many people believed in Jesus because of the miracles they witnessed during the Passover. However, Jesus “did not commit himself unto them” because He knew their hearts and understood the superficiality of their faith. This passage reveals Jesus’s divine omniscience and His ability to discern true faith from mere outward appearance. He was not interested in fleeting popularity or superficial allegiance. He sought genuine commitment and discipleship. This is a warning against religious hypocrisy and the importance of having a sincere and authentic faith in Christ. Jesus’s profound understanding of human nature highlights the need for humility and self-reflection. We must examine our own motives and intentions, ensuring that our faith is rooted in genuine love for God and not in self-serving desires. As we can see, even with belief, Jesus sought a deeper commitment. A commitment that the services offered by do host can help you achieve by spreading the word of God through your own personal website.

    Subtopic: Symbols and Meanings

    The Wedding at Cana and the Cleansing of the Temple are rich in symbolism, offering profound insights into the nature of Christ and His mission.

    • Water to Wine: Represents the transformation from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant, from law to grace.
    • Six Stone Waterpots: Symbolize the limitations of the Old Covenant’s purification rituals.
    • The Temple: Represents both the physical Temple in Jerusalem and the body of Christ, the dwelling place of God.
    • The Whip of Cords: Represents Christ’s righteous anger and His zeal for the purity of worship.
    • Money Changers: Symbolize the corruption and commercialization of religion.
    • The Feast: Symbolizes joy, celebration, and the abundant life offered through Christ.

    FAQ ❓

    Here are some frequently asked questions about John Chapter 2:

    • Q: Why did Jesus call Mary “Woman”?

      A: The term “Woman” was a formal and respectful address in that time. It wasn’t meant to be disrespectful, but rather to highlight Jesus’s divine role and His relationship with God the Father.

    • Q: What is the significance of the six stone waterpots?

      A: The six stone waterpots, used for Jewish purification rituals, symbolize the limitations of the Old Covenant. They represent the inadequacy of the Old Testament laws to fully cleanse and purify humanity.

    • Q: What does the cleansing of the Temple teach us?

      A: The cleansing of the Temple teaches us the importance of reverence and holiness in worship. It reminds us to guard against the commercialization of religion and to approach God with sincerity and humility.

    • Q: How can we apply the lessons of John 2 to our lives today?

      A: We can apply the lessons of John 2 by seeking Christ’s transforming power in our lives, obeying His commands, being attentive to the needs of others, and approaching God with reverence and sincerity.

    Conclusion

    John 2 offers a powerful glimpse into the early ministry of Christ, revealing His divine power, His zeal for God’s glory, and His compassion for humanity. The Wedding at Cana demonstrates the transforming power of Christ to turn the ordinary into the extraordinary, while the Cleansing of the Temple highlights His commitment to purity and holiness. These events serve as a reminder that Christ is not merely a historical figure; He is a living presence who continues to transform lives and purify hearts today. As we meditate on these passages, may we be inspired to invite Christ into our own lives, allowing Him to transform us into vessels of His grace and instruments of His love. Through faith and obedience, we can experience the abundance of blessings that He offers, leading us to deeper communion with God and service to others.

    Tags

    Wedding at Cana, Cleansing of the Temple, John 2, Miracles of Jesus, Transforming Power of Christ, New Covenant, Old Covenant, Mary Theotokos, Purity of Worship, Divine Authority

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