Judith’s Song of Praise: A Coptic Orthodox Commentary on Judith 16

Executive Summary ✨

Judith 16, often referred to as Judith’s Song of Praise, is a powerful hymn of thanksgiving offered by Judith and the people of Israel after God granted them victory over Holofernes and the Assyrian army. This chapter, a testament to divine intervention, celebrates God’s might, wisdom, and unwavering faithfulness to His chosen people. It reflects a deep understanding of God’s role in history, emphasizing that true strength and salvation come only from Him. We delve into each verse, uncovering the rich theological and spiritual insights it offers, exploring the historical context, and drawing parallels to other scriptural accounts, particularly those resonating within the Coptic Orthodox tradition. This commentary aims to unlock the profound meaning of Judith’s song, allowing modern readers to apply its lessons of faith, courage, and gratitude in their own lives.

Introduction: Judith 16 stands as a soaring testament to the power of faith and the unwavering fidelity of God to His people. In this chapter, Judith, the courageous heroine, leads Israel in a song of thanksgiving, celebrating their miraculous deliverance from the Assyrian threat. The words overflow with praise, acknowledging God as the source of their victory and recognizing His mighty hand in shaping the course of history.

Commentary Sections

Judith 16:1 (KJV)

Then Judith said, Begin unto my God with timbrels, sing unto my Lord with cymbals: tune unto him a new psalm: exalt him, and call upon his name.

Commentary: Judith initiates the praise with instruments of joy – timbrels and cymbals. This symbolizes a holistic offering of worship, engaging not just the mind and spirit, but also the body. The call for a “new psalm” signifies a fresh experience of God’s saving power, demanding a novel expression of gratitude. This echoes the sentiment found in Psalm 96:1, “O sing unto the Lord a new song: sing unto the Lord, all the earth.” Spiritually, this verse reminds us that our worship should be vibrant, heartfelt, and continuously renewed by our experiences of God’s grace. Let’s remember to always express our gratitude for the benefits of faith, in all areas of our lives.

Judith 16:2 (KJV)

For God breaketh the battles: for among the camps he setteth up his camp: for the Lord hath delivered me out of the hands of my persecutors.

Commentary: Judith attributes victory solely to God. He is the one who “breaketh the battles,” demonstrating that human strength is insufficient without divine intervention. The phrase “among the camps he setteth up his camp” suggests God’s active presence and protection in the midst of conflict. This echoes the imagery of the Ark of the Covenant as a symbol of God’s presence among the Israelites in battle. The personal testimony of deliverance (“the Lord hath delivered me”) adds a layer of intimacy and reinforces the reality of God’s personal care for those who trust in Him.
Patristic Insight: St. Athanasius writes, “Ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις ἡμῶν συμμαχεῖ, καὶ διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἡμῶν τροποῦται τοὺς ἐχθρούς” (Contra Gentes 46) – “For our God fights alongside us in our battles, and through our faith, He routs the enemies.”

Spiritual Application: Recognize that God is our ultimate protector and source of strength in times of adversity. Cultivate a personal relationship with Him, trusting in His deliverance.

Judith 16:3-4 (KJV)

3 Asshur came out of the mountains from the north, he came with ten thousands of his army, the multitude whereof covered the hills and valleys, and vexed the children of Israel very sore. 4 Therefore the Almighty Lord hath disappointed them, and hath stricken them by the hand of a woman.

Commentary: These verses vividly depict the overwhelming threat posed by the Assyrian army, originating “from the mountains from the north.” This aligns with the historical context of Assyrian military campaigns, which often originated from the northern regions. The vastness of the army is emphasized, highlighting the seemingly insurmountable odds faced by Israel. However, the “Almighty Lord” intervenes, turning their strength into futility. The phrase “stricken them by the hand of a woman” underscores the humility and surprising nature of God’s victory. It demonstrates that God often chooses the weak to confound the strong (1 Corinthians 1:27).
Contextual Note: The “mountains from the north” are likely a reference to the Taurus Mountains in modern-day Turkey, a region from which many invading armies historically descended upon the Levant.

Spiritual Application: Even when faced with overwhelming challenges, remember that God is capable of turning the tide in unexpected ways. Embrace humility and recognize that God can work through anyone, regardless of their perceived limitations.

Judith 16:5-6 (KJV)

5 For their mighty one did not fall by the hands of young men, neither did sons of the Titans smite him, nor high giants set upon him: but Judith the daughter of Merari weakened him with the beauty of her countenance. 6 For she put off the garment of her widowhood for the affliction of Israel, and anointed her face with ointment, and bound her hair in a tire, and took a linen garment, to deceive him.

Commentary: These verses emphasize that Holofernes, the Assyrian general, did not fall to conventional military might. The mention of “sons of the Titans” and “high giants” highlights the perceived invincibility of the Assyrian forces. Instead, he was overcome by Judith, a seemingly ordinary woman. Her use of beauty and deception is portrayed as an act of courage and faith, undertaken for the sake of her people. The “garment of her widowhood” symbolizes her vulnerability and low social status, which she deliberately sheds to fulfill God’s purpose.
Ethical Considerations: The use of deception raises ethical questions. While the text celebrates Judith’s actions, Coptic Orthodox theology emphasizes the importance of truthfulness and integrity. In this instance, Judith’s deception is presented as a lesser evil compared to the potential destruction of Israel. It is crucial to interpret this passage within its historical and theological context, acknowledging the complexities of moral decision-making in times of crisis.

Spiritual Application: Be willing to step outside of your comfort zone and use your gifts, even in unconventional ways, to serve God and others. Discernment is key, always seeking God’s guidance in making difficult ethical choices.

Judith 16:7-9 (KJV)

7 Her sandals ravished his eyes, her beauty took his mind prisoner, and the fauchion passed through his neck. 8 The Persians quaked at her boldness, and the Medes were afraid at her discretion. 9 Then my afflicted shouted for joy, and my weak ones cried aloud; but they were astonished at these things.

Commentary: These verses describe the impact of Judith’s actions on both the Assyrians and the Israelites. The Assyrians were captivated by her beauty, leading to Holofernes’ downfall. The “fauchion” (a type of sword) symbolizes the decisive nature of her victory. The fear of the Persians and Medes highlights the widespread effect of her boldness. The Israelites, initially “afflicted” and “weak,” erupt in shouts of joy and astonishment. This contrast underscores the transformative power of God’s intervention.
Historical Note: The mention of Persians and Medes is significant, as they were major powers in the ancient Near East and were often involved in conflicts with the Assyrians. Their fear of Judith suggests that her actions had geopolitical ramifications beyond the immediate context of the siege of Bethulia.

Spiritual Application: Embrace boldness and courage in the face of injustice. Remember that your actions, guided by faith, can have a ripple effect, inspiring others and bringing about positive change.

Judith 16:10-11 (KJV)

10 They that were oppressed forsook their affliction: then they followed her in triumph, and crowned her with olive branches. 11 Then she danced before all the people, and made a pleasant noise unto God, and the people followed after her with all their might.

Commentary: These verses depict the aftermath of the victory, with the oppressed Israelites celebrating their newfound freedom. They “crowned her with olive branches,” a symbol of peace and victory. Judith’s dance before the people is an act of thanksgiving and leadership, inspiring them to offer praise to God with all their might. This mirrors the example of Miriam after the crossing of the Red Sea (Exodus 15:20-21).
Liturgical Connection: The imagery of dancing and making a “pleasant noise unto God” resonates with the liturgical practices of the Coptic Orthodox Church, which incorporates singing, chanting, and other forms of expressive worship.

Spiritual Application: Celebrate God’s victories in your life with joy and gratitude. Use your gifts to inspire others and lead them to worship God.

Judith 16:12-14 (KJV)

12 And Joacim the high priest, and the ancients of the children of Israel that dwelt in Jerusalem, came to see the things that God had shewed to Israel, and to see Judith, and to salute her. 13 And when they came unto her, they blessed her with one accord, and said unto her, Thou art the exaltation of Jerusalem, thou art the great glory of Israel, thou art the great rejoicing of our nation: 14 Thou hast done all these things by thine hand: thou hast done much good to Israel, and God is pleased therewith: blessed art thou above all the women in the earth, and blessed be the Lord God, which hath created the heavens and the earth, which hath directed thee to the cutting off of the head of the chief of our enemies.

Commentary: These verses highlight the recognition and honor Judith receives from the religious and political leaders of Israel, including Joacim the high priest. They acknowledge her role as the “exaltation of Jerusalem,” the “great glory of Israel,” and the “great rejoicing of our nation.” Their blessing emphasizes that her actions were divinely inspired and pleasing to God. They recognize God’s direct hand in guiding her to “cutting off the head of the chief of our enemies”, acknowledging His sovereignty.

Spiritual Application: Recognize and honor those who serve God faithfully and make sacrifices for the well-being of others. Give God the glory for all good things accomplished. Appreciate the qualities of humility and service in leaders.

Judith 16:15-17 (KJV)

15 For because of this thy confidence thou hast done a great thing, because thou hast not spared thy life, but hast hazarded it for the affliction of our nation. 16 And all the people said, So be it, so be it. 17 And all the people kept holyday three months in Jerusalem, and Judith remained with them.

Commentary: Judith’s “confidence” (i.e., faith) is recognized as the driving force behind her courageous actions. Her willingness to “hazard her life” underscores the depth of her commitment to her people. The unanimous agreement of the people (“So be it, so be it”) signifies their collective approval and acceptance of her leadership. The three-month celebration in Jerusalem reflects the profound joy and gratitude of the nation.
Numerical Significance: The number three is often associated with divine completeness and affirmation in Scripture. The three-month celebration may symbolize a period of complete restoration and renewal for Israel.

Spiritual Application: Cultivate unwavering faith in God, even in the face of danger. Be willing to make sacrifices for the sake of others. Participate in communal celebrations of faith and gratitude.

Judith 16:18-20 (KJV)

18 And after these days every one returned to his own possession, and Judith went to Bethulia, and remained in her own possession, and was in her days greatly honoured in all the country. 19 And many desired her, but none knew her all the days of her life, after that Manasses her husband was dead, and was gathered to his people. 20 But she increased more and more in honour, and grew old in her husband’s house, being an hundred and five years old.

Commentary: These verses describe Judith’s life after the victory. She returns to Bethulia and lives in her own possession, maintaining her independence and honor. Despite being desired by many, she remains faithful to her deceased husband, Manasses, living a life of chastity and devotion. Her long life (105 years) is a testament to God’s blessing and favor.
Social Context: Judith’s independence and agency as a woman are remarkable within the social context of the ancient Near East. Her story challenges traditional patriarchal norms and highlights the potential for women to exercise leadership and influence.

Spiritual Application: Strive for a life of integrity, chastity, and faithfulness. Seek God’s blessing in all areas of your life, including your relationships and personal aspirations. Value long life as a gift from God and use it to serve Him and others.

Judith 16:21-25 (KJV)

21 And she made all Israel glad with her prudence and wisdom: so she died in Bethulia, and they buried her in the cave of her husband Manasses. 22 And the house of Israel lamented her seven days: and none put on armour in the days of Judith, nor in a long time after her death. 23 But her day of the feast of the passover was added unto the feasts of Israel. 24 And Judith died an hundred and five years old. 25 And all the people mourned greatly for her.

Commentary: The final verses summarize Judith’s legacy. She brought “gladness” to Israel through her “prudence and wisdom.” Her death is mourned for seven days, a traditional period of mourning in Jewish culture. The absence of warfare during her lifetime and for a long time after her death is a testament to the lasting impact of her victory. The addition of her feast day to the calendar of Israel underscores her importance in the nation’s history.
Symbolic Significance: The cave of her husband Manasses symbolizes her faithfulness and commitment to her marriage vows, even after his death.

Spiritual Application: Strive to live a life of wisdom and prudence, bringing joy and peace to those around you. Leave a lasting legacy of faith and service.

Subtopic: Judith as a Type of the Theotokos 🕊️

Judith’s story, within the Coptic Orthodox tradition, can be viewed as a prefigurement, or type, of the Theotokos (Mother of God). While not a direct allegory, certain parallels resonate with the Virgin Mary’s role in salvation history.

• Courage and Obedience: Both Judith and Mary demonstrate remarkable courage and obedience to God’s will, despite the risks involved. Judith risked her life to save Israel, while Mary accepted the call to be the Mother of God, knowing the potential for hardship and misunderstanding.
• Deliverance through a Woman: Both stories highlight God’s use of a woman to bring about deliverance. Judith saved Israel from physical destruction, while Mary brought forth the Savior who delivers humanity from spiritual death.
• Humility: Both Judith and Mary exhibit humility. Judith, despite her heroic actions, remained grounded and faithful. Mary, despite her unique status as the Mother of God, described herself as a “handmaiden of the Lord.”
• Blessed Among Women: The blessings bestowed upon Judith (“Blessed art thou above all the women in the earth”) echo the words of Elizabeth to Mary (“Blessed art thou among women”).
• Instrument of God’s Power: Both Judith and Mary serve as instruments through which God’s power is manifested. Judith used her beauty and intelligence to defeat Holofernes, while Mary conceived Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit.

FAQ ❓

Q: How does the Coptic Orthodox Church view the Book of Judith?

A: The Coptic Orthodox Church considers the Book of Judith to be canonical and inspired Scripture, included in the Deuterocanonical (or Apocryphal) books of the Old Testament. It is valued for its historical, spiritual, and moral teachings.

Q: What is the main spiritual lesson of Judith’s Song of Praise?

A: The primary spiritual lesson is the unwavering faithfulness of God and His power to deliver His people from adversity. It emphasizes the importance of trusting in God, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges.

Q: Can Judith’s actions be justified, considering her use of deception?

A: The ethics of Judith’s deception are complex. While deception is generally discouraged, her actions are presented as a necessary means of saving her people from destruction. This highlights the tension between absolute moral principles and the realities of conflict. It’s important to rely on divine wisdom.

Q: How can Judith’s story be applied to modern life?

A: Judith’s story inspires us to be courageous in the face of adversity, to trust in God’s power, and to use our gifts to serve others. It reminds us that God can work through anyone, regardless of their perceived limitations.

Conclusion 🕊️

Judith’s Song of Praise, a powerful testament to divine intervention, serves as a timeless reminder that true strength lies not in military might or human ingenuity, but in unwavering faith in God. Judith, through her courage, prudence, and obedience, becomes an instrument of God’s deliverance, offering hope and inspiration to generations. This chapter teaches us to recognize God’s hand in our lives, to express gratitude for His blessings, and to remain steadfast in our faith, even when faced with overwhelming challenges. Let us, like Judith, offer a “new song” of praise, acknowledging God as the source of our victory and dedicating our lives to His service. The focus key phrase serves to remind us that God is always present and working in our lives, even when we cannot see it.

Tags

Judith, Judith 16, Song of Praise, Coptic Orthodox, Commentary, Bible, Scripture, Holofernes, Assyrians, Faith, Deliverance

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Explore a Coptic Orthodox commentary on Judith 16, Judith’s Song of Praise. Discover theological insights, historical context, and spiritual applications of this powerful chapter. Learn how divine intervention and unwavering faith can empower you to overcome life’s challenges.