Acts 6: Stewards of Grace: The Ministry of Deacons and the Witness of Stephen

Executive Summary ✨

Acts 6, often titled “The Choosing of the Seven,” marks a critical juncture in the early Church’s growth. A dispute arises concerning the daily distribution to Hellenistic widows, revealing both the Church’s burgeoning size and its vulnerabilities. To address this, the apostles, wisely guided by the Holy Spirit, initiate a pivotal shift in ministry. They call for the selection of seven men “full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom” to oversee the practical needs of the community, freeing the apostles to dedicate themselves to prayer and preaching. This marks the formal establishment of the diaconate, a servant ministry essential to the Church’s holistic mission. Among those chosen is Stephen, a man of extraordinary faith and power, who quickly becomes a powerful witness for Christ, sparking controversy and ultimately leading to his martyrdom. This chapter reveals God’s providential care for His Church, His wisdom in establishing structures for effective service, and the powerful witness that flows from a life filled with the Holy Spirit. The **ministry of deacons** is fundamental to healthy church life.

Acts 6 chronicles a pivotal moment in the early Church. As the number of disciples multiplied, a murmuring arose, threatening unity and hindering the spread of the Gospel. The apostles, guided by divine wisdom, responded not with authoritarian rule, but with humble delegation. This chapter showcases the birth of the diaconate, a ministry of service, and the powerful testimony of Stephen, a man “full of faith and the Holy Spirit.” We explore the spiritual significance of service, the balance between practical needs and spiritual priorities, and the unwavering witness of those who are filled with God’s grace. This chapter provides a blueprint for managing growth, resolving conflict, and living out the Gospel in practical ways. Let’s delve into the details of this critical chapter together.

Commentary Sections 📖

Verse 1

Original Greek: Ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις πληθυνόντων τῶν μαθητῶν ἐγένετο γογγυσμὸς τῶν Ἑλληνιστῶν πρὸς τοὺς Ἑβραίους, ὅτι παρεθεωροῦντο ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ τῇ καθημερινῇ αἱ χῆραι αὐτῶν.

KJV: And in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration.

NKJV: Now in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplying, there arose a complaint against the Hebrews by the Hellenists, because their widows were neglected in the daily distribution.

The rapid growth of the early Church, centered in Jerusalem, presented challenges. The “Grecians” (Hellenists) were Jewish believers whose primary language was Greek and who were often from the Diaspora. They complained that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. This wasn’t simply about material needs; it touched upon issues of cultural sensitivity and equal treatment within the burgeoning Christian community. This points to the vital importance of providing a variety of services to meet a variety of needs, you can even use platforms such as doHost to help you facilitate a variety of ministry needs.

Spiritual Application: Even in the most Spirit-filled communities, misunderstandings and inequities can arise. It’s crucial to address concerns openly and honestly, seeking solutions that promote justice and unity. Galatians 3:28 reminds us, “There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”

Verse 2

Original Greek: προσκαλεσάμενοι δὲ οἱ δώδεκα τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μαθητῶν εἶπαν· Οὐκ ἀρεστόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ἐγκαταλείψαντας τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ διακονεῖν τραπέζαις.

KJV: Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables.

NKJV: Then the twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, “It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables.

The apostles, recognizing the gravity of the situation, wisely gathered the entire body of disciples. They acknowledged the importance of meeting practical needs but also emphasized the primacy of their calling: to preach the Word of God. They understood that neglecting their core ministry would ultimately harm the Church. The term “serve tables” (διακονεῖν τραπέζαις) refers to the daily distribution of food and resources.

Patristic Insight: St. John Chrysostom observed, “The Apostles did not abandon the care of the poor, but they established a system whereby the more important duties might not be neglected.” (Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles, 14)

Spiritual Application: This verse highlights the importance of discerning priorities. While acts of service are vital, spiritual leaders must remain focused on their primary calling: prayer, teaching, and equipping the saints. We must always ensure a balanced ministry. Prioritize spiritual health alongside practical needs.

Verses 3-4

Original Greek: ἐπισκέψασθε οὖν, ἀδελφοί, ἄνδρας ἐξ ὑμῶν μαρτυρουμένους ἑπτὰ πλήρεις πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ σοφίας, οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας ταύτης· ἡμεῖς δὲ τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ διακονίᾳ τοῦ λόγου προσκαρτερήσομεν.

KJV: Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business. But we will give ourselves continually to prayer, and to the ministry of the word.

NKJV: Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business; but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.

The apostles instructed the congregation to choose seven men who were “of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom.” These qualifications were essential for effectively managing the practical needs of the community. The Holy Spirit provides discernment, wisdom, and love – all vital for serving others with compassion and justice. This passage establishes a clear division of labor: the apostles would focus on prayer and teaching (“the ministry of the word”), while the seven would oversee the daily distribution. This shows the early Church’s commitment to a balanced and effective ministry.

Patristic Insight: St. Athanasius teaches, “The Holy Spirit dwells in those who are worthy and live according to the commandments of Christ.” (Letters to Serapion, 1.20)

Spiritual Application: This emphasizes the importance of spiritual maturity in service. Seek to be filled with the Holy Spirit and wisdom in all that you do. Every ministry, whether “spiritual” or “practical,” should be rooted in prayer and dependence on God. Also, seek out mentors who have the wisdom and faith to guide you.

Verse 5

Original Greek: καὶ ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐνώπιον παντὸς τοῦ πλήθους· καὶ ἐξελέξαντο Στέφανον, ἄνδρα πλήρη πίστεως καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου, καὶ Φίλιππον καὶ Πρόχορον καὶ Νικάνορα καὶ Τίμωνα καὶ Παρμενᾶν καὶ Νικόλαον προσήλυτον Ἀντιοχέα,

KJV: And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a proselyte of Antioch:

NKJV: And the saying pleased the whole multitude. And they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch,

The proposal of the apostles met with unanimous approval. The congregation chose seven men, with Stephen listed first, emphasizing his prominence. He is described as “a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit,” highlighting his exceptional spiritual qualities. Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch, indicates the inclusion of Gentiles (or at least those of Gentile background) in leadership roles, reflecting the growing diversity of the Church. This demonstrates the early Church’s commitment to including diverse populations within the ministry.

Spiritual Application: Look for opportunities to serve in your church and community. Cultivate faith and seek the filling of the Holy Spirit. Be open to serving alongside people from diverse backgrounds, recognizing that God calls all believers to participate in His mission.

Verse 6

Original Greek: οὓς ἔστησαν ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀποστόλων, καὶ προσευξάμενοι ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας.

KJV: Whom they set before the apostles: and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them.

NKJV: whom they set before the apostles; and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them.

The chosen men were presented to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them. This act signified their commissioning and empowerment for ministry. The laying on of hands is a tradition with roots in the Old Testament, signifying the transfer of authority or blessing (Numbers 27:18-23). In this context, it represents the apostles’ recognition of the men’s calling and their impartation of spiritual gifts for service.

Spiritual Application: Seek prayer and blessing from church leaders as you embark on new ministries. Recognize that you are not alone in your service; you are part of a larger community supported by prayer and the gifts of the Holy Spirit. This demonstrates the value of support and encouragement from leaders to those doing the work.

Verse 7

Original Greek: καὶ ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ηὔξανεν, καὶ ἐπληθύνετο ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν μαθητῶν ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ σφόδρα, πολύς τε ὄχλος τῶν ἱερέων ὑπήκουον τῇ πίστει.

KJV: And the word of God increased; and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem greatly; and a great company of the priests were obedient to the faith.

NKJV: Then the word of God spread, and the number of the disciples multiplied greatly in Jerusalem, and a great many of the priests were obedient to the faith.

As a result of this wise decision, “the word of God spread,” and the number of disciples increased significantly. Even a “great many of the priests” were converted, a remarkable development given the priests’ prominent role in the Jewish religious establishment. This underscores the power of unity, effective leadership, and a balanced approach to ministry. The geographical and spiritual heart of Judaism, Jerusalem, was being transformed by the Gospel.

Spiritual Application: When we address practical needs with compassion and wisdom, we create an environment where the Gospel can flourish. Be open to God’s surprising ways of working, even among those who may seem resistant to the faith. This growth also highlights the power of good service and how it can build trust and open doors for sharing the Gospel.

Verse 8

Original Greek: Στέφανος δὲ πλήρης πίστεως καὶ δυνάμεως ἐποίει τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα μεγάλα ἐν τῷ λαῷ.

KJV: And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and miracles among the people.

NKJV: And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and signs among the people.

Stephen, described as “full of faith and power,” performed “great wonders and signs among the people.” This highlights the connection between faith, the Holy Spirit, and miraculous ministry. Stephen’s ministry wasn’t limited to serving tables; he was also a powerful evangelist and healer, demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the diaconate. He shows the full potential of the servants who are faithful to the word of God.

Spiritual Application: Don’t underestimate the power of faith in your service. As you minister to others, believe that God can work through you to bring healing, restoration, and salvation. Open yourself to be used by God to impact others with miracles.

Verses 9-10

Original Greek: Ἀνέστησαν δέ τινες τῶν ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς τῶν Λιβερτίνων καὶ Κυρηναίων καὶ Ἀλεξανδρέων καὶ τῶν ἀπὸ Κιλικίας καὶ Ἀσίας συζητοῦντες τῷ Στεφάνῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυον ἀντιστῆναι τῇ σοφίᾳ καὶ τῷ πνεύματι ᾧ ἐλάλει.

KJV: Then there arose certain of the synagogue of the Libertines, and Cyrenians, and Alexandrians, and of them of Cilicia and of Asia, disputing with Stephen. And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake.

NKJV: Then there arose some from what is called the Synagogue of the Libertines (Freedmen), Cyrenians, Alexandrians, and those from Cilicia and Asia, disputing with Stephen. And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the Spirit by which he spoke.

Opposition arose from various synagogues, including those of the “Libertines” (freed slaves or their descendants), Cyrenians, Alexandrians, and those from Cilicia and Asia. These individuals engaged Stephen in debate, but they were unable to withstand the “wisdom and the Spirit by which he spoke.” This highlights the power of the Holy Spirit to equip believers with persuasive arguments and unshakeable conviction. Stephen used his gifts for spreading the Gospel, but also to defend it.

Patristic Insight: St. Cyril of Alexandria notes, “The Holy Spirit is the source of all wisdom and understanding.” (Commentary on the Gospel of John, 14.26)

Spiritual Application: Be prepared to defend your faith with gentleness and respect (1 Peter 3:15). Rely on the Holy Spirit to guide your words and actions. Even in the face of opposition, trust that God will give you the wisdom and strength you need to stand firm in your convictions. Always be prepared to give an answer for the hope that you have.

Verses 11-14

Original Greek: Τότε ὑπέβαλον ἄνδρας λέγοντας ὅτι Ἀκηκόαμεν αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος ῥήματα βλάσφημα εἰς Μωϋσῆν καὶ τὸν θεόν. Συνεκίνησαν τε τὸν λαὸν καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς καὶ ἐπιστάντες συνήρπασαν αὐτὸν καὶ ἤγαγον εἰς τὸ συνέδριον. ἔστησαν τε μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς λέγοντας· Ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος οὐ παύεται λαλοῦν ῥήματα βλάσφημα εἰς τὸν τόπον τὸν ἅγιον τοῦτον καὶ τὸν νόμον· ἀκηκόαμεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος οὗτος καταλύσει τὸν τόπον τοῦτον καὶ ἀλλάξει τὰ ἔθη ἃ παρέδωκεν ἡμῖν Μωϋσῆς.

KJV: Then they suborned men, which said, We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses, and against God. And they stirred up the people, and the elders, and the scribes, and came upon him, and caught him, and brought him to the council, and set up false witnesses, which said, This man ceaseth not to speak blasphemous words against this holy place, and the law: For we have heard him say, that this Jesus of Nazareth shall destroy this place, and shall change the customs which Moses delivered us.

NKJV: Then they secretly induced men to say, “We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses and God.” And they stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes; and they came upon him, seized him, and brought him to the council. They also set up false witnesses who said, “This man does not cease to speak blasphemous words against this holy place and the law; for we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs which Moses delivered to us.”

Unable to defeat Stephen in open debate, his opponents resorted to deceit and slander. They secretly hired men to falsely accuse him of blasphemy against Moses, God, the Temple, and the Law. They stirred up the people, elders, and scribes, leading to Stephen’s arrest and trial before the Sanhedrin. These false accusations were designed to incite anger and prejudice against Stephen. The Sanhedrin was the supreme Jewish religious and judicial council. The accusations highlight the tension between the old covenant and the new covenant established by Jesus.

Spiritual Application: Be aware that opposition to the Gospel often takes the form of lies and manipulation. Don’t be surprised when you are misrepresented or misunderstood for your faith. Trust in God’s protection and vindication. Jesus warned his followers that they would be persecuted (John 15:18-20). Remain steadfast in your faith even when facing false accusations. Always seek God’s help and guidance in difficult situations.

Verse 15

Original Greek: καὶ ἀτενίσαντες εἰς αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ καθεζόμενοι ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ εἶδον τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ πρόσωπον ἀγγέλου.

KJV: And all that sat in the council, looking stedfastly on him, saw his face as it had been the face of an angel.

NKJV: And all who sat in the council, looking steadfastly at him, saw his face as the face of an angel.

As Stephen stood before the Sanhedrin, all who looked at him saw his face “as the face of an angel.” This miraculous transformation testified to God’s presence and favor. It suggests that Stephen was filled with divine peace and glory, even in the face of imminent danger. This angelic countenance served as a powerful witness to the truth of the Gospel. This symbolizes Stephen’s purity, innocence, and divine favor.

Spiritual Application: Seek to cultivate a close relationship with God, allowing His presence to transform you from the inside out. Even in difficult circumstances, allow God to radiate His peace and joy through you. 2 Corinthians 3:18 says, “And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another. For this comes from the Lord who is the Spirit.” Let your life reflect the glory of God, whatever you are facing.

Subtopic Sections 💡

The Importance of Delegation

Delegation is a crucial principle of effective leadership, demonstrated by the apostles in Acts 6. By delegating the responsibility of serving the widows to qualified individuals, the apostles were able to focus on their primary calling: prayer and the ministry of the Word. This model ensures that all needs are met and resources are utilized efficiently.

• Empowerment: Delegation empowers others to use their gifts and talents in service to God and the community.
• Efficiency: Distributing responsibilities ensures that tasks are completed effectively and efficiently.
• Growth: Delegation allows individuals to develop their skills and grow in their leadership abilities.
• Unity: Shared responsibility fosters a sense of unity and collaboration within the community.
• Sustainability: A well-delegated ministry is more sustainable because it is not dependent on a single individual.

The Qualifications of a Deacon

Acts 6 highlights the essential qualifications for those serving in the diaconate. The apostles sought individuals who were “of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom.” These qualities are essential for effective service and leadership within the Church.

• Good Reputation: A person of good reputation is trustworthy and respected within the community.
• Full of the Holy Spirit: The Holy Spirit empowers individuals to serve with love, compassion, and discernment.
• Wisdom: Wisdom enables individuals to make sound judgments and address challenges effectively.
• Faith: Strong faith allows one to believe that God can work through them.
• Humility: Those serving God should be humble.

Serving with Grace and Truth

Stephen’s ministry exemplifies serving with both grace and truth. He not only met the practical needs of the community but also proclaimed the Gospel with boldness and wisdom. His life was a testament to the transformative power of faith in Jesus Christ.

• Compassion: Serve others with genuine compassion and empathy.
• Boldness: Proclaim the Gospel with courage and conviction.
• Wisdom: Speak truth with discernment and sensitivity.
• Love: Let love guide all your interactions and service.
• Faith: Believe that God can work through you to transform lives.

FAQ ❓

Q: What is the significance of the diaconate in the Coptic Orthodox Church?
A: The diaconate is a vital ministry of service, rooted in the example of Acts 6. Deacons assist the priests in liturgical services, care for the poor and needy, and engage in various forms of pastoral care. They are integral to the Church’s mission of serving both the spiritual and practical needs of the community.

Q: How does Acts 6 relate to the Coptic Orthodox understanding of the Holy Spirit?
A: Acts 6 underscores the importance of being filled with the Holy Spirit for effective ministry. The Holy Spirit empowers believers with wisdom, discernment, and love, enabling them to serve God and others with excellence. Coptic Orthodox tradition emphasizes the ongoing need for believers to cultivate a relationship with the Holy Spirit through prayer, fasting, and obedience to God’s Word.

Q: What are some practical ways to apply the lessons of Acts 6 in my life today?
A: Seek opportunities to serve in your church and community. Cultivate faith, wisdom, and love, allowing the Holy Spirit to guide your words and actions. Be open to serving alongside people from diverse backgrounds, recognizing that God calls all believers to participate in His mission. Be ready to give a reason for the hope that you have in Christ.

Conclusion ✨

Acts 6 offers timeless lessons for the Church today. It reminds us of the importance of addressing practical needs with compassion and wisdom, prioritizing spiritual growth, and empowering believers to serve with their gifts and talents. Stephen’s example demonstrates the power of a life filled with the Holy Spirit, boldly proclaiming the Gospel even in the face of opposition. As we strive to live out the Gospel in our own lives, let us embrace the spirit of service, delegation, and unwavering faith exemplified in this chapter. The **ministry of deacons**, birthed in Acts 6, continues to be a vital expression of God’s love and care for His people, and empowers people to utilize their gifts for the good of others and the glory of God.

Tags

Acts 6, Deacons, Stephen, Ministry of Service, Holy Spirit, Early Church, Delegation, Persecution, Coptic Orthodox, Theology

Meta Description

Explore Acts 6: The Choosing of the Seven. Discover the birth of the diaconate, Stephen’s powerful witness, and lessons for ministry and service in the modern church. The **ministry of deacons** is fundamental!